The climatology of high wind events in the Owens Valley, California, a deep valley located just east of the southern Sierra Nevada, is described using data from six automated weather stations distributed along the valley axis in combination with the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset. Potential mechanisms for the development of strong winds in the valley are examined. Contrary to the co...

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The coordination and codification of knowledge inside a network, or the building of an "epistemic community": The "Telecom Valley" case study

We propose a graphene-based full valley- and spin-polarization device based on strained graphene with Rashba spin orbit coupling and magnetic barrier. The underlying mechanism is the coexistence of the valley and single spin band gaps in a certain Fermi energy. By aligning the Fermi energy in the valley and single spin band gaps, remarkable valley- and spin-polarization currents can be accessed.

The quasi-steady-state limit of the diurnal valley wind system is investigated over idealized three-dimensional topography. Although this limit is rarely attained in reality due to ever-changing forcings, the investigation of this limit can provide valuable insight, in particular on the mass and heat fluxes associated with the along-valley wind. We derive a scaling relation for the quasi-steady...

Erosion by glacial and fluvial processes shapes mountain landscapes in a long-recognized and characteristic way. Upland valleys incised by fluvial processes typically have a V-shaped cross-section with uniform and moderately steep slopes, whereas glacial valleys tend to have a U-shaped profile with a changing slope gradient. We present a novel regional approach to automatically differentiate be...

[1] Shear wave splitting observed in microearthquake data at the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 35 N has a fast polarization direction that is parallel to the trend of the axial valley. The time delays between fast and slow S wave arrivals range from 35 to 180 ms, with an average of 90 ms, and show no relationship with ray path length, source-toreceiver azimuth, or receiver location. The a...

Glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm is a new intelligent optimization algorithm. Based on the problems of GSO, such as easy to fall into local optimum, slow convergence speed and low optimization precision, an improved GSO with group division is presented. Using shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA), glowworms are divide into different ethnic groups, and local search and global informa...