Vacuole fusion is a necessary process for the establishment of a large central vacuole, which is the central location of various hydrolytic enzymes and other factors involved in death at the beginning of plant programmed cell death (PCD). In our report, the fusion of vacuoles has been presented in two ways: i) small vacuoles coalesce to form larger vacuoles through membrane fusion, and ii) larg...

The action potential which elicits luminescence in Noctiluca is recorded from the flotation vacuole as a transient all-or-none hyperpolarization in response to either local or general application of inward (bath to vacuole) current. Experiments were performed to determine whether the unorthodox polarities of both the stimulus current and the potential response resulted from uncommon bioelectric...

Crocins, the glucosides of crocetin, are present at high concentrations in saffron stigmas and accumulate in the vacuole. However, the biogenesis of the saffron chromoplast, the changes during the development of the stigma and the transport of crocins to the vacuole, are processes that remain poorly understood. We studied the process of chromoplast differentiation in saffron throughout stigma d...

Trafficking of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the vacuole is a fundamental process in plants, being involved both in vacuole biogenesis as well as with plant growth and response to environmental stresses. Although the canonical transport of cellular components from the ER to the vacuole includes the Golgi apparatus as an intermediate compartment, there are multiple lines of evi...

background: recently, motile sperm organelle morphology examination (msome) criteria as a new real time tool for evaluation of spermatozoa in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) cycles has been considered. objective: the aim was to investigate the predictive value of msome in in vitro fertilization (ivf) in comparison to icsi cycles and evaluation of the association between msome parameters...

The cytoproct or cell anus of Paramecium caudatum was studied, using light optics and electron microscopy, at known times before, during and following food vacuole egestion. This was accomplished by microscopically observing single cells, fixing these cells at specific times and finally serial sectioning these individually processed cells. The cytoproct, at rest, is a long narrow ridge along th...

A novel clathrin adaptor-like complex, adaptor protein (AP)-3, has recently been described in yeast and in animals. To gain insight into the role of yeast AP-3, a genetic strategy was devised to isolate gene products that are required in the absence of the AP-3 mu chain encoded by APM3. One gene identified by this synthetic lethal screen was VPS45. The Vps pathway defines the route that several...