BACKGROUND The first Lippes Loop intrauterine device (IUD) was introduced in 1962. It was a plastic double "S" loop, a trapezoid shaped IUD that closely fit around the contours of the uterine cavity, reducing the incidence of expulsion. This IUD was commonly used from the 1960's to the 1980's. Some authors state that the IUD can be left in the uterine cavity for an indefinite amount of time. Pr...

background: prenatal care is performed in order to diagnose high risk cases. researchers have shown the significant relationship between high serum ferritin levels and preterm delivery. preterm labors are one of the major risk factors in prediction of preterm delivery. hence we performed this study in order to determine the frequency distribution of serum ferritin level and the relationship bet...

Failure to become and remain pregnant after IVF depends on multiple factors including but not limited to the ability of the uterus to implant embryo and to carry a pregnancy to term. One of the factors which adversely affect fertility is the presence of uterine fibroids [1]. The closer the fibroids are to the uterine cavity, the greater their effect is on female fertility [2]. Reproduction is a...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of nonsurgical abnormal uterine bleeding treatments for bleeding control, quality of life (QOL), pain, sexual health, patient satisfaction, additional treatments needed, and adverse events. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Cochrane databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception to May 2012. We included randomized controlled trials of nonsurgical tre...

uterine leiomyomas/fibroids are the most common pelvic tumors of the female genital tract. the initiators remaining unknown, estrogens and progesterone are considered as promoters of fibroid growth. fibroids are monoclonal tumors showing 40-50% karyo-typically detectable chromosomal abnormalities. cytogenetic aberrations involving chromosomes 6, 7, 12 and 14 constitute the major chromosome abno...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk of uterine fibroids and other reproductive risk factors in women with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC). DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland. Patients A family-based case-control study was conducted between July 1, 2004, and June 30, 2006, including 105 women from families with HLRCC as...

cervical cancer is the second most common malignant disease of women worldwide, and accounts for about one tenth of the total number of female cancer deaths. Even though uterine cervical cancer has been decreased as a result of widespread use of effective screening tests for premalig-nant lesions in developed countries, the cancer burden such as incidence and mortality is disproportionately hig...

Uterine infection is one of the reproductive diseases that can have disturbing postpartum uterine health in cattle. Therefore, identification of resistant genotypes to uterine infection is important. Lactoferrin (LF) is one of the major antimicrobial compounds in the normal uterine discharges of cows. We hypothesized that allelic diversity in LF gene may contribute to susceptibility or resistan...

In pregnancy, uterine natural killer cells (uNK) play essential roles in coordinating uterine angiogenesis, blood vessel remodeling, and promoting maternal tolerance to fetal tissue. Deviances from a normal uterine microenvironment are thought to modify uNK function(s) by limiting their ability to establish a healthy pregnancy. While maternal obesity has become a major health concern due to ass...

BACKGROUND In Bangladesh, abortion is restricted except to save the life of a woman, but menstrual regulation is allowed to induce menstruation and return to non-pregnancy after a missed period. MR services are typically provided through the Directorate General of Family Planning, while postabortion care services for incomplete abortion are provided by facilities under the Directorate General o...