L. Vigilant et al. (1) recently presented "the strongest support yet for the placement of [their] common mtDNA [mitochondrial DNA] ancestor in Africa some 200,000 years ago." This support stems from a tree estimated by maximum parsimony from mtDNA sequence data with the use of the computer program PAUP (2). The African origin is inferred from this tree because (i) the most basal splits are amon...

過去55年にわたるダイズ育種ヒストリカルデータを用いて50品種・系統について播種期から開花期までを対象とした発育モデルの構築を行った．発育モデルのパラメータ最適化において3種類の手法，Nelder-Mead法 （NM），群粒子最適化法 （PSO），遺伝的アルゴリズムを比較した．交差検証により各手法の予測能力を比較すると差は小さかったものの，PSOが有意に他2手法より予測が正確であった．NMは初期値への依存性が他の2手法より高く，大域的最適解に達するためには異なる初期値から多数回最適化を繰り返す必要があった．ヒストリカルデータに含まれる記録数は品種・系統により大きく異なるが，最適化に300記録以上用いた場合，開花まで日数の予測値と観察値のピアソン相関係数 （r） は0.92以上，平均二乗誤差平方根 （RMSE） は4.52日以下であり，極端に正確さが悪化することはなかった．ヒストリカル...

due to project evaluation complexity and resource constraints, the project portfolio optimization is numerous decision making challenges. hence, many researches have been done to introduce model and methods for portfolio optimization. but most of them have not considered the interaction between projects. considering the interactions between projects increase complexity of portfolio optimization...

The USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is one of the most extensively implemented numerical models for simulating urban runoff. Parameter optimization essential reliable SWMM model simulation results, which are heterogeneously sensitive to a variety parameters, especially when involving complicated conditions. This study proposed Genetic Al...

In this paper, novel methods for the evaluation of digital-filter stability are investigated. The based on phase analysis a complex function in characteristic equation digital filter. It allows evaluating when is not polynomial. operation these relies sampling unit circle plane and extracting quadrant value each sample. By calculating function-phase quadrants, regions immediate vicinity unstabl...