the present research focuses on the changes of urmia lake level. for this purpose, two timescales have been considered. the trend changes of temperature, precipitation rate and quantitative values of climate type for the observational period from 1968 to 2011 (past scale) and from 2011 to 2100 (future scale) have been analyzed. general circulation model (gcm) is considered for simulating the va...

one of the most important hydrological time series task is to determine if there is any trend in the data and how to achieve stationarity when there is nonstationarity behavior in data. detecting trend and stationarity in hydrological time series may help us to understand the possible links between hydrological processes and global climate changes. in this study yearly, monthly and daily stream...

Urmia Lake in northwestern Iran has been facing critical water level shrinkage in recent years with ‎serious environmental consequences. It is expected that with the current trend, the lake will be ‎completely dried out in a few years from now. This study attempts to assess the impacts of human ‎activities on water level fluctuations of Urmia Lake by developing a comprehensive hydrologic ‎simul...

Lake Urmia, Iran. There is widespread interest in restoring drying saline lakes. At Iran’s hypersaline managers have sought a uniform target lake level of 1274.1 m above sea to lower salinity below 263 g L?1 and recover Artemia sufficient densities support flamingos. We suggest that addressing broader range objectives will allow more flexibility for managing the lake. define eight restoration s...

Approximately 70 km of new decimeter-resolution seismic reflection profile data from Owasco Lake, New York define a middle Holocene (∼4600 14C yr B.P.) erosion surface in the north end of the lake at water depths as great as 26 m. Beneath the lake, postglacial sediments are up to 9 m thick and represent about 10% of the total sediment fill. Early to middle Holocene sediments, ∼6 m thick, contai...

increased salinity stress because of rising temperature as a result of global warming. High salinity enhances plants photorespiration and affects its physiology, but Salicornia europaea L. in Urmia Lake has adapted to grow, propagate and occupy increasingly exposed saline habitats. Plant and soil samples were collected in triplicate plots from different sites of retreated beds of Urmia Lake in ...

We measured accumulation rates of organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) and stable carbon (dCorg) and nitrogen isotopes (d15N) in the sediments of two mountain lakes (Lake Ledvica and Lake Planina, northwest Slovenia). Marked variations of these parameters were observed in both sediments. OC accumulation rates ranged from 4 to 23 g m22 yr21 in Lake Ledvica, whereas in Lake Planina they we...