Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are important enteric pathogens worldwide, causing diarrhea with or without blood visibly present and hemolytic uremic syndrome. STEC are unique among diarrheogenic E coli in producing Shiga toxin type 1 and type 2, the virulence factors responsible for bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle and other ruminants are the natural reservo...

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in childhood. Ninety percent of cases are secondary to gastrointestinal infection with shigatoxin-producing bacteria. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of shigatoxin leading to hemolytic uremic syndrome and the emerging role of the complement system and vascular endothelial growth factor in its pathogenesis....

MR findings of a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome involving the CNS are described. Abnormal high signal intensity on T2-weighted images combined with swelling in the lentiform nucleus, posterior limb of internal capsule, external capsule bilaterally, and left extreme capsule was shown on initial MR; a small low signal intensity in the left putamen on T1- and T2-weighted images and general...

Introduction Early diagnosis of atypical uremic-hemolytic syndrome may be challenging during the puerperium period. Correct diagnosis and timely management are crucial to improve outcomes. Background Pregnancy-associated atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (p-aHUS) is a rare condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. Triggered by preg...

A gel filtration fraction of serum from chronically uremic patients has been shown previously to produce natriuresis in the rat. In the present studies, the same fraction from urine of uremic patients and normal subjects was studied for its natriuretic activity. Urine samples were obtained from 17 chronically uremic patients (mean glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 8.7 ml/min; mean fractional so...

Guanidine (G), 1-methylguanidine (MG), and 1,1dimethylguanidine (DMG) have long been implicated as uremic “toxins.’A method has been developed for determining G, MG, and DMG in serum and urine.Specimens were chromatographed on carboxylateresin,with use of 1 molar NaOH, and quantitated colorimetricallywith a modificationof the VogesProskauer reaction.The mean values for G and MG in the serum of ...

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia that often follows infection by Shiga toxinor verotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli. Because thrombocytopenia and platelet activation are hallmark features of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, we examined the ability of Shiga toxin to bind platelets b...