This experiment was conducted to evaluation the effects of different levels of untreated and treated green grape leaf with urea on performance, egg quality traits and blood parameters of laying hens. In this experiment 192 Hy-Line (w-36) laying hens, 35 to 46 wk of age were divided in to 4 treatments with 4 replicates (12 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design experiment. The tr...

AIMS In fermented alcoholic beverages and particularly in Japanese Sake wine, the ubiquitous presence of the probable human carcinogen ethyl carbamate (EC) is a topic of significant concern. This study aims to develop novel methods for the reduction of EC in Sake wine. METHODS AND RESULTS To reduce the high levels of EC in Sake wine, urea-degrading and urea-importing yeast strains were create...

tions a constant (1). If now these conditions are all complied with, but in addition some new factor is introduced, the effect on the rate of urea excretion can be measured by the deviation of the ratio from its constant value. Most of the experiments given in this paper were carried out on the two subjects, Add. and Dru., whose ratios under standard conditions are given in Paper V of this seri...

introduction the concentration of substances, including urea, creatinine, and uric acid, can be used as an index to measure toxic uremic solutes in the blood during dialysis and interdialytic intervals. the on-line monitoring of toxin concentration allows for the clearance measurement of some low-molecular-weight solutes at any time during hemodialysis.the aim of this study was to determine the...

In a previous paper (1), it was shown that the calculation of standard urea clearances from urine volumes of less than about 0.35 ml. per minute gives results which are considerably too low. It was found that the lower the urine volume is, the greater the error becomes, as the calculated standard clearance falls lower and lower. This was demonstrated in 173 adults, including patients with toxem...

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analyses promise simple and noninvasive methods to measure airway biomarkers but pose considerable methodological challenges. We utilized mass spectrometry to measure EBC purine biomarkers adenosine and AMP plus urea to control for dilutional variability in two studies: 1) a cross-sectional analysis of 28 healthy, 40 cystic fibrosis (CF), and 11 asthmatic childre...

An ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) was blended with urea at 1:1 mole ratio to create a BmimCl/Urea mixture. The agarose/talc composite films containing the BmimCl/Urea mixture were then acquired through a gelation method. The weight ratio of agarose and talc was fixed at 4:1, while the content of BmimCl/Urea was varied from 0 to 10 wt % relative to the overall weig...

An experiment was carried out to evaluate how interactions between forage to concentrate ratio and dietary crude protein level may alter nitrogen efficiency and UT-B expression in growing Baluchi male lambs. Four Baluchi male lambs [30 ± 2 kg BW] were used in a 4 × 4 latin square design with 28-d periods and a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. The treatments fed forage: concent...

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of components of the national programme for information technology (NPfIT) on measures of clinical and operational efficiency. DESIGN Quasi-experimental controlled before and after study using routinely collected patient level data. SETTING Four NHS acute hospital trusts in England. DATA SOURCES Inpatient admissions and outpatient appointments, 2000-5. INT...

OBJECTIVES To survey of the structure, processes and organisation of renal satellite units (RSUs) in England and Wales (Phase 1), and to compare the effectiveness, acceptability, accessibility and economic impact of chronic haemodialysis performed in RSUs compared to main renal units (MRUs) (Phase 2). DATA SOURCES Phase 1: all renal satellite units in England and Wales. Phase 2: haemodialysis...