We report the cases of three subjects who developed asthma after being exposed to formaldehyde dust or gas. For two subjects, specific bronchial provocation tests with formaldehyde gas did not cause significant bronchoconstriction, whereas exposure to formaldehyde resin dust did. One subject experienced asthmatic reaction after being exposed to formaldehyde resin dust and gas. These findings su...

The reactions of di-hydroxymethylurea with phenol under alkaline (pH = 10), weak (pH = 6) and strong acidic (pH = 2) conditions were investigated via the 13C-NMR method. Based on the proposed reaction mechanisms, the variations of the structures of different condensed products were analyzed and the competitive relationship between selfand co-condensation reactions was elucidated. The required e...

This study was initiated to determine the wettability of three Honduran bamboo species by contact-angiemeasurements. Static contact angles of urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), isocyanate (ISO) and distilled water on the bamboo surfaces were measured. The effects of bamboo species, layer (outer, middle and inner) and chemical treatment (hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide and dis...

The objective of this project was to use sucrose as a partial substitute for melamine in the synthesis of sucrose–melamine-formaldehyde (SMF) resin. The SMF was synthesized in a base condition. The wet bonding strength, shelf life, and formaldehyde emission of the SMF resin were determined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) were employed to analyze the c...

Abstract Photochromic wood was fabricated by coating microencapsulated photochromic material (MP)/polydimethylsiloxane composites onto using a simple drop-coating method. Urea-melamine–formaldehyde resin used to microencapsulate the (PM) via in situ polymerization. The concentration of MP affected property surface. total color change (? E *) reached 82.2 when composite is 8%. Adhesion tests con...

Background The issue of formaldehyde exposure in homes is long-standing and has been studied over time. Formaldehyde is frequently used in plywood, fiberboard, resins, glues, and several other construction components. In the past, formaldehyde was also used in insulation of many homes. In March of 1982, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) called for a ban on urea foam formaldehyd...