BACKGROUND In 2014, over half (54%) of the world's population lived in urban areas and this proportion will increase to 66% by 2050. This urbanizing trend has been accompanied by an increasing number of people living in urban poor communities and slums. Lower immunization coverage is found in poorer urban dwellers in many contexts. This study aims to identify factors associated with immunizatio...

Anthropically-induced land-use/land cover (LULC) changes create an imbalance between water and energy fluxes by affecting rainfall-runoff partitioning. This alters the catchment’s flow regime, generating increased highs reduced low flows, triggering socio-economic environmental damages. The focus of this study is two-fold (i) to quantify hydrological induced in urbanizing watershed (ii) analyze...

Landscape transformations in the rapidly urbanizing landscape are the most dynamic process altering the local ecology, hydrology and environment. This necessitates understanding of spatial patterns of the growth for an effective urban planning. Remote sensing data acquired at regular intervals through satellite borne sensors enables the synoptic monitoring and visualization of urban growth patt...

Rwanda?s plots and housing plans featured a circular shape until the time of colonization by Germany Belgium, when-beginning with house Dr Richard Kandth in 1909-a new configuration buildings having square or rectangular base was introduced. Today, some contemporary public seem to recall traditional forms, merging local building tradition aesthetics global architecture. With population more tha...

Urban parks provide multiple ecosystem services as an important element of the urban space and improve human health wellbeing. This study used Gaussian-based 2SFCA method to evaluate spatiotemporal distribution changes in park accessibility within Sixth Ring Road Beijing over 15 years. The also bivariate correlation analysis analyze relationship between urbanization factors access. results show...

1. Suitability of the local habitat (‘habitat filtering’) and dispersal between stream reaches determines the composition of insect communities, and urban land use may affect both processes. While urban streams are often poor habitats for insects and dispersal between them is often hindered, conservation and restoration activities generally focus solely on the local (in-stream) environment. 2. ...