Value literally means to assess the worth of something against something else. The importance ofthe assessment of this word in the economic areas in a few past years has led the recognition of urban values especiallyin their historical parts. It is hypothesis that recognition, assessment, and introducing the existing values in historicalcities have a direct relationship with the selection of th...

introduction in 1950s, only 30% of the world's population lived in urban areas. by 2000, that proportion increasedup to 47%, and by 2050 the estimated number will be around 72%. urban sprawl, an undesirable type of urban growth, is one of the major concerns ofthe city planners and administrators. understanding urban patterns, dynamic processes, and their relationships is a primary objectiv...

This paper presents an addition to urban theory through a time-series analysis of remotely sensed imagery using spatial metrics. Results from the research are used to support the theory that urban areas are formed through an oscillatory growth process that switches between phases of urban coalescence and diffusion. In testing for the presence of this theory in a real-world context, the urban ev...

This article is aimad at exploring urban sprawl as a new leading behavior pattern of cities. Undoubtedly, the traditional city is changing to a landscape dominated by new urban development of low density, road networks and shopping centers. Geographic information technologies have to face the cartographic and quantitative analysis of this new urban spatial structure This article presents a meth...

Threshold limit values (TLVs) are intended to protect workers from the severest effects of thermal stress and to establish the exposures to heat in working conditions. Earlier, acute heat strokes often occurred as a result of working in hot environments in Japan. However, acute heat strokes recently sometimes occurred in outdoor work environments such as industrial constructions and agriculture...

Background & Aims of the Study: Heavy metals are the most important contaminants in the soil. Due to their non-biodegradable property, heavy metals can persist in the ecosystem for a long time. Therefore, this research focuses on heavy metal contamination in urban park soils in Asadabad, Hamedan, Iran. Materials & Methods: Altogether 18 composite soil samples were collect...

This article is focused on definition and identification of optimal ecological flow for macrozoobenthos communities in small urban creeks affected by urban drainage using the Physical HABitat Simulation (PHABSIM) system. It describes the process of determination of ecological flows, from field measurement to determined values. Results show that combine sewer overflows and storm water drains neg...

Urban nature in all its forms—urban forests, parks, greenbelts—provides a range of benefits and services to society, most of which are not readily bought and sold. Economists calculate the “use value” of nature and ecosystems when tangible goods can be exchanged at market prices, such as timber or fisheries products. “Non-use values” set up a more complex economic puzzle. How can we estimate va...