abstract background: family planning has been defined in the framework of mothers and children plan as one of primary healthcare (phc) details. besides quantity, the quality of services, particularly in terms of ethics, such as observing individuals’ privacy, is of great importance in offering family planning services. objective: a preliminary study to gather information about the degree of med...

Promotion of urbanization is one of characteristics of current societies that in their evolutionary trend results in establishment of megalopolis and brings the complex urban management in these huge population centers every day, together with new difficulties. Urban environmental problems, providing public and security services, green space and city fa�ade, urban economic problems, informing, ...

Determining the performance of ecosystem services at the city or regional level cannot accurately take into account the fine differences between green or gray structures. The supply of regulating ecosystem services in, for instance, parks can differ as parks vary in their land cover composition. A comprehensive ecosystem service assessment approach also needs to reflect land use to consider the...

rapidly increasing urbanization in the world, especially in developing countries, let to increasing urban extents. rapid urban growth causes to appearance many problems such as wasting environmental resources, inability of providing necessary services for citizens and unplanned growth. urban mangers and planners need tools for understanding amount and size of future urban growths to prevent the...

Along with a rise in the demand for medical services, and a steady increase in the costs of those services, the number of workers employed in the health services industry has grown at a very rapid pace . As the decade opened, about 4.3 million persons were working in hospitals, convalescent institutions, physicians' and dentists' offices, or other health care facilities .' By 1979, their number...

Land use planning is always officially implemented as an effective tool to control urban development and protect farmland. However, its impact on land use change remains untested in China. Using a case study of Hang-Jia-Hu region, the main objective of this paper was to investigate the influence of different land use spatial control schemes on farmland conversion and urban development. Comparis...

today, urban environment experts are endeavoring after new ways to increase the amount of urban green spaces and discover the best way to enter them as lively part of cities. greenways can supply the needs of urbanization to green spaces in addition they are effective in urban green transportation. this study is trying to offer an approach in process of urban greenways planning by ahp analytica...

BACKGROUND Rapid urban population growth is of global concern as it is accompanied with several new health challenges. The urban poor who reside in informal settlements are more vulnerable to these health challenges. Lack of formal government public health facilities for the provision of health care is also a common phenomenon among communities inhabited by the urban poor. To help ameliorate th...

International Family Planning Perspectives A reproductive health approach to family planning service delivery takes a comprehensive view of individuals’ circumstances and moves beyond their contraceptive needs alone. In an environment with high rates of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs),* a reproductive health approach must therefore include some degree of integration of STI ...

3 Acknowledgements 4 List of Tables and Figures 6 Glossary of Acronyms 6 Chapter One: Introduction 7 Definitions 8 Methodology 9 Limitations 9 Structure 10 Chapter Two: Housing for the Urban Poor – The Roads Taken 11 Slum clearance and resettlement 11 Sites and services 12 In-situ upgrading 13 Urban management 16 Where to? 19 Chapter Three: The Indian Context and a Brief History of Indian Housi...