Cities are well known to be hotter than the rural areas that surround them; this phenomenon is called the urban heat island.Heat waves are excessively hot periods duringwhich the air temperatures of both urban and rural areas increase significantly. However, whether urban and rural temperatures respond in the sameway to heat waves remains a critical unanswered question. In this study, a combina...

Extreme heat continues to be a pressing challenge of the changing climate. The impacts extreme manifest on two different spatio-temporal scales: (1) episodic continent-wide heatwaves (HWs) and (2) city-scale urban island (UHI). As HWs are becoming more frequent, longer, severe, they pose serious implications increased public health risks at city scale, have adverse agricultural terrestrial/aqua...

The purpose of this study is to investigate Alahsa Governorate status and its vulnerability to generate urban heat islands. Alahsa Governorate is a famous oasis in the Arabic Peninsula including several oil centers. Extensive literature review was done to collect previous relative data on the urban heat island of Alahsa Governorate. Data used for the purpose of this research were collected from...

1. introductionhumans have actively managed and transformed the world’s landscapes for millennia. after the industrial revolution (between 1820 and 1840) with increase in sanitation, food security and quality of life the human population increased tremendously. urbanization, the demographic transition from rural to urban, is associated with shifts from an agriculture-based economy to mass indus...

the rapid change of land use and land cover in the metropolitan area of tehran has influenced the distribution pattern of land surface temperature (lst). in this study, a spatial autocorrelation analysis is adopted to process the spatial-temporal changes of lst and normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) in tehran during the period of 1987 to 2010. global spatial autocorrelation analysis ...

Heat-related mortality in US cities is expected to more than double by the mid-to-late 21st century. Rising heat exposure in cities is projected to result from: 1) climate forcings from changing global atmospheric composition; and 2) local land surface characteristics responsible for the urban heat island effect. The extent to which heat management strategies designed to lessen the urban heat i...

Urban heat islands (UHIs) constitute an important ecological problem in cities. Ecological space has a positive effect on UHI mitigation, which can be effectively organized the form of networks. In this study, framework for structural improvement based networks considering source-corridor model is proposed to examine spatial threshold thermal network factors. Additionally, cooling mechanism eac...

Elevated summertime temperatures in urban ‘heat islands’ increase cooling-energy use and accelerate the formation of urban smog. Except in the city’s core areas, summer heat islands are created mainly by the lack of vegetation and by the high solar radiation absorptance by urban surfaces. Analysis of temperature trends for the last 100 years in several large U.S. cities indicate that, since | 1...

The urban heat island phenomenon occurs as a mixed result of anthropogenic heat discharge, decreased vegetation, and increased artificial impervious surfaces. To clarify the contribution of each factor to the urban heat island, it is necessary to evaluate the surface heat balance. Satellite remote sensing data of Tainan City, Taiwan, obtained from Terra ASTER and Formosat-2 were used to estimat...

In contemporary urban development, to improve the quality of public urban spaces has become one of the most outstanding goals of local urban policies, in order to increase pedestrian activities and people’s social interaction. In this context, to promote outdoor thermal comfort has an utmost importance, especially considering the heat island phenomenon. This paper recalls the use of urban desig...