Quality is the most important consequence of an urban design project, and its promotion is the final duty of an urban designer. So "urban design guidelines" which use environmental improvement factors in their structure, have an effective role in promoting urban space quality. "Urban design guidelines" are the most important instruments in urban designers' authority, to reflect and appear im...

Lecturers see students struggle learning software design. In order to create educational interventions it is needed to know which (abstract) reasoning skills are related to students’ software design performance. We introduce an online software design skills test for measuring students’ software design skills. Two student groups of two different European universities participated in an experimen...

Emerging theories of Design Justice ask architects and planners to center the voices long-oppressed groups. But which kinds spatial transformations can concretely inform a just praxis urban design? To answer this question, we compare-in-difference how disadvantaged people counter exclusion by designing spaces in Baitu (China), Los Angeles (USA), Rome (Italy). We find that diverse groups activat...

The potential of open data as a resource for driving citizen-led urban innovation relies not only on a suitable technical infrastructure but also on the skills and knowledge of the citizens themselves. This paper describes how a smart city project in Milton Keynes, UK, is supporting multiple stages of citizen innovation, from ideation through to citizen-led smart city projects. This approach en...

BACKGROUND While Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) skills are increasingly being taught in medical schools, teaching quality has been insufficient, so that incoming pediatric residents lack adequate EBM skills required for patient care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief teaching module developed to improve EBM skills of pediatric residents. METHODS With-in s...

OBJECTIVE To examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in early childhood and teacher-reported academic and behavioral problems in kindergarten. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national urban birth cohort. Subjects with primary caregiver-reported information on ACE exposures ascertained at 5 years...

This paper documents the allocation of skills across cities and estimates the impact of agglomeration on the hedonic prices of worker skills. In contrast to nearly all prior work, the paper focuses directly on fundamental worker skills – including a wide range of cognitive, people, and motor skills -rather than on worker education. To identify these skills, we match occupation skill requirement...

Historically, the city represents not just a collection of buildings, but also the concrete cosmology of the world. The importance of geometry in this context is that one can be assured that one’s understanding of the form of the city will correspond to meaning. It is this reading that is the canonical visualization method of the city form. But contemporary urban designers are confronted by cit...