The early-to-mid Pliocene (3–5.3 Ma) is the most recent geologic period of significant global warmth. Proxy records of Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) indicate significant and still unexplained warm anomalies of 3∘C–9∘C in midlatitude eastern boundary currents, where present-day cool temperatures are maintained by wind-driven upwelling. Here we quantify the effect of large-scale Pliocene...

Various factors r esponsible in inducing upwelling are discussed. A distinction is m a de between the process of upwelling: and its etlects On the environmental cOnditions. Upwelling oft' the southwest coast of India is discussed in relation °to the time variation of density structure (CSt), horizontal divergence of surface CUrrent vectors, wind stress components parallel and perpendicular to t...

Climate change has prompted an earlier arrival of spring in numerous ecosystems. It is uncertain whether such changes are occurring in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling ecosystems, because these regions are subject to natural decadal climate variability, and regional climate models predict seasonal delays in upwelling. To answer this question, the phenology of 43 species of larval fishes was i...

We collected high resolution observations of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) at a persistent upwelling front in the shallow coastal environment ( ~ 20m) of northern Monterey Bay, CA. The coastal upwelling front forms between recently upwelled waters and warmer stratified waters that are trapped in the bay (upwelling shadow). The front propagates up and down the coast in the along shore directi...

In the Gulf of Aqaba, the northeasternmost segment of the Red Sea, phytoplankton blooms are more intense than in other oligotrophic regions (e.g., the Sargasso Sea). In this study, we use multiyear in situ (1988–2000) and Sea viewing Wide Field of View Sensor (SeaWiFS) (1999–2001) chlorophyll a (Chl a) data to describe the dynamics of phytoplankton biomass throughout the Gulf of Aqaba. The temp...

The mean meridional circulation induced by zonal momentum forcing is considered in the context of (i) a wave–mean model, in which the momentum forcing arises naturally from the explicit representation of the stratospheric wave response to lower boundary forcing, and (ii) a zonally symmetric model, in which the momentum forcing is prescribed externally. Wave forcing is confined to one hemisphere...

Arraial do Cabo is where upwelling occurs more intensively on the Brazilian coast. Although it is a protection area it suffers anthropogenic pressure such as harbor activities and sporadic sewage emissions. Short-time studies showed a high variability of bacterial production (BP) in this region but none of them evaluated BP during long periods in a large spatial scale including stations under d...

[1] A marine Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) section at Nhi Tao, Vietnam, contains a series of at least 9 pyritic horizons characterized by concurrent decreases in pyrite S(dSpy) and carbonate C-isotopic compositions (dCcarb). The first and largest of the events that precipitated these pyritic horizons was coincident with the Late Permian mass extinction, while subsequent events were generally ...

[1] Surface waters in upwelling regions are thought to be nutrient rich and hence inhibit nitrogen fixation (diazotrophy) because diazotrophs can preferentially assimilate nitrate and ammonia instead of expending energy to fix dinitrogen. We found average nitrogen fixation rates to be two to seven times higher in the surface waters of the upwelling region of the eastern equatorial Atlantic than...

We use time-series analyses to characterize the effects of recent climate variability upon the local physical conditions at 11 study sites along the northern-central coast of Chile (29-34°S). Environmental indices show that the 1° Bakun upwelling index in this coastal region has fluctuated in time, starting from a stable period around the 1980's, peaking during the mid 90s, decreasing during th...