The mouse insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) locus is a complex genomic region that produces multiple transcripts from alternative promoters. Expression at this locus is regulated by parental imprinting. However, despite the existence of putative imprinting control elements in the Igf2 upstream region, imprinted transcriptional repression is abolished by null mutations at the linked H19 locus....

In higher eukaryotes, tRNA multigene families comprise several copies encoding the same tRNA isoacceptor species. Of the 11 copies of a tRNA1Gly family from the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori, individual members are differentially transcribed in vivo in the B. mori-derived BmN cell lines and in vitro in silk gland nuclear extracts. These genes have identical coding regions and hence harbour iden...

DNA sequences upstream of the rrnB P1 core promoter (-10, -35 region) increase transcription more than 300-fold in vivo and in vitro. This stimulation results from a cis-acting DNA sequence, the UP element, which interacts directly with the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase, increasing transcription about 30-fold, and from a positively acting transcription factor, FIS, which increases expression ...

Porcine genomic DNA encoding a 55 kDa subunit of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), which is termed alpha chain (IL-2Ralpha), was cloned by repeated plaque hybridization using IL-2Ralpha cDNA as a probe. Two different lambda phage clones, one of which encoded exon 1 and the 5'-upstream flanking region of IL-2Ralpha gene and another encoded the sequence from exon 2 to exon 8, were isolated. By anal...

Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain is a cellular homologue of v-sis, closely involved in cell growth and oncogenicity. Analysis in this study showed the importance of not only the region near the TATAA box but also the fragment -355 bases or more upstream in the expression of the PDGF-B chain gene. However, tissue specificity was not clear in the 5' upstream region alone, and r...

The Serratia marcescens extracellular nuclease gene, nucA, is positively regulated by the product of the nucC gene. In this study, the upstream region required for NucC-dependent nuclease expression was defined by using fusions to the gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). This sequence includes an element of hyphenated dyad symmetry identified previously as the binding site for...

Association between serotonin-mediated behaviors and gene expression within the SLC6A4 gene promoter region in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) has been reported. We propose that a relationship exists between the methylation within the CpG island upstream to the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene, and male rhesus macaque age and social rank. We used a method involving sodium bisulfite treatment...

The eukaryotic genome is partitioned into chromatin domains containing coding and intergenic regions. Insulators have been suggested to play a role in establishing and maintaining chromatin domains. Here we describe the identification and characterization of two separable enhancer blocking elements located in the 5' flanking region of the chicken alpha-globin domain, 11-16 kb upstream of the em...

Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera has two cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase (PgiC) loci. A 48-bp deletion was observed in the junction of exon 17 and intron 17 for a locus (PgiC2). PCR-RFLP analysis using cDNA template did not detect the PgiC2 locus. Another locus (PgiC1) has common structure with A. thaliana and expressed normally. A phylogenetic tree of PgiC sequences revealed that duplicat...