New transmissibility upscaling procedures designed to accurately capture full-tensor effects are developed and applied. These techniques are based on variable compact multipoint (VCMP) flux approximations. VCMP is extended to irregular grids. Two approaches for including global flow information within the VCMP upscaling procedure are considered—one in which the upscaled model is determined dire...

The performance of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells has reached a certified efficiency 25.5% over the past decade, which attracted significant attention as promising candidate for photovoltaic (PV) applications. However, most efficient were produced by technique spin coating, is extremely limited in terms upscaling production commercialization technology. Furthermore, efficiencie...

In many earth science problems, the scales of interest range from centimeters to kilometers. Computer power and time limitations prevent inclusion of all the fine-scale features in most models. However, upscaling methods allow creation of physically realistic and computationally feasible models. Instead of solving the problem completely on the fine scale, upscaling methods produce a coarse-scal...

Problems related to natural resource management (NRM) are typically complex and require integration of information across several scales and disciplines. Operational concepts to support such integration are scarce. Systems analysis and modelling can be helpful but the complexity of environmental systems also requires application of appropriate upscaling methods. Simultaneous assessment and mode...

Quantifying CO2 fluxes from lakes to the atmosphere is important for balancing regional and global-scale carbon budgets. CO2 emissions are estimated through statistical upscaling procedures that aggregate data from a large number of lakes. However, aggregation can bias flux estimates if the physical and chemical factors determining CO2 exchange between water and the atmosphere are not independe...

We describe an edge-directed optimization-based method for volumetric data supersampling. The method is based on voxel splitting and iterative refinement performed with a greedy optimization driven by the smoothing of second order gray level derivatives and the assumption that the average gray level in the original voxels region cannot change. Due to these assumptions, the method, which is the ...

Conventional face hallucination methods rely heavily on accurate alignment of low-resolution (LR) faces before upsampling them. Misalignment often leads to deficient results and unnatural artifacts for large upscaling factors. However, due to the diverse range of poses and different facial expressions, aligning an LR input image, in particular when it is tiny, is severely difficult. To overcome...

The spatial Markov model is a Lagrangian random walk model, widely and successfully used for upscaling transport in heterogeneous flows across a broad range of problems. It is particularly useful at early or pre-asymptotic times when many other conventional upscaling approaches may not be valid. However, as with all upscaled models, it must have its limits. In particular, the question of what t...

Denoising and upscaling of depth maps is a fundamental post-processing step for handling the output of depth sensors, since many applications that rely on depth data require accurate estimates to reach optimal accuracy. Adapting methods for denoising and upscaling to specific types of depth sensors is a cumbersome and error-prone task due to their complex noise characteristics. In this work we ...

The notion of a fragment was coined by Montague 1974 to illustrate the formal handling of certain puzzles, such as de dicto/de re, in a truth-conditional semantics for natural language. The idea of a fragment is methodological: given the vastness of a natural language, one begins with a system which is of limited data coverage, but formally explicit and functionally complete relative to a certa...