In this paper we show that non-context-free phenomena can be captured using only limited logical means. In particular, we show how to encode a Tree Adjoining Grammar [16] into a weakly equivalent monadic context-free tree grammar (MCFTG). By viewing MCFTG-rules as terms in a free Lawvere theory, we can translate a given MCFTG into a regular tree grammar. The latter is characterizable by both a ...

In this paper we extend the work by Michaelis (1999) which shows how to encode an arbitrary Minimalist Grammar in the sense of Stabler (1997) into a weakly equivalent multiple contextfree grammar (MCFG). By viewing MCFG-rules as terms in a free Lawvere theory we can translate a given MCFG into a regular tree grammar. The latter is characterizable by both a tree automaton and a corresponding for...

OBJECTIVE To provide a preliminary, systematic exploration of some features associated with the experience of 'feeling fat'. METHOD Women with anorexia nervosa (N = 16), women who were dieting (N = 15) and non-dieting women (N = 17) took part in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS Feeling fat was common in all three groups of women. It was associated with distress, negative emotions, inter...

Learning analytics (LA) are summaries, visualizations, and analyses of student data that could improve learning in multiple ways, for example by supporting teachers. However, not much research is available yet concerning how LA may support teachers to diagnose student progress and to intervene during student learning activities. There is evidence for two mechanisms, namely that LA tools can 1) ...

Investigation of turbulency on the rate of induced liquid circulation, gas hold-up, mixing time and overall gas–liquid volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient. The various types of surfactants (containing Brij58, TritonX-405, Tween40, HCTBr) with various concentrations of 1-5 ppm were examined on the operational characteristics of the reactor. In surfactant solutions (in comparison with pur...

Sense of community (SOC) is empirically “unpacked” as a multilevel construct with place and social elements. SOC has been studied primarily at the individual level despite researchers acknowledging its effects at the community level. Little attention has been given to the roles of place and place attitudes in SOC. We argue that place and social are inextricably bound, and studying the impact of...

This article analyzes how the British writers Frances Trollope (1779–1863) and William Makepeace Thackeray (1811–1863) described Belgian coastal resort Ostend in 1830s 1840s. A special focus is placed on both travelers passing through resident communities at Ostend. The will highlight assessments of as a frequented by can be unpacked fruitfully within two overarching themes: theme “genteel pove...

Return-oriented programming (ROP) is an attack that has been shown to be able to circumvent W ⊕X protection. However, it was not clear if ROP can be made as powerful as non-ROP malicious code in other aspects, e.g., be packed to make static analysis difficult, be printable to evade non-ASCII filtering, be polymorphic to evade signaturebased detection, etc. Research in these potential advances i...

Let H = (V,E) be an r-uniform hypergraph and let F ⊂ 2 . A matching M of H is (α,F)perfect if for each F ∈ F , at least α|F | vertices of F are covered by M . Our main result is a theorem giving sufficient conditions for an r-uniform hypergraph to have a (1− ,F)-perfect matching. As a special case of our theorem we obtain the following result. Let K(n, r) denote the complete r-uniform hypergrap...