A letter in the peripheral visual field is much harder to identify in the presence of nearby letters. This is called “crowding”. In general, masking is a procedure: introducing any “mask” pattern that affects discriminability of the signal. Crowding conforms to the masking paradigm, but the crowding effect is unlike ordinary masking. Here we characterize crowding, and present diagnostic tests t...

Soil carbon and nitrogen contents play an important role in sustaining soil physical and chemical quality and help to have healthy environments. The continues conversion of rangelands to arable lands has the potential to change carbon and nitrogen sequestration. In this study to evaluate the effects of land use change on soil organic carbon and nitrogen stock, forty samples collected from north...

The "curved" super Grassmannian is the supervariety of subsupervarieties purely odd dimension $k$ in a~supervariety $n$, unlike "usual" which linear subsuperspacies a~superspace $n$. Lie superalgebras all and Hamiltonian vector fields on superpoint are realized as derivations structure sheaves certain Grassmannians,

• Nine new iridium(III) complexes are synthesised featuring two tridentate ligands. One ligand is cyclometallating and the other a bis(triazolyl)pyridine. These stable, unlike their tris-cyclometallated analogues. All luminescent in solution at room temperature with quantum yields up to 3% Three analogues prepared bidentate triazolylpyridine non-emissive. ligands have been of form Ir( N^C^N )( ...

We present a system for on-line, cumulative learning of hierarchical collections of frequent patterns from unsegmented data streams. Such learning is critical for long-lived intelligent agents in complex worlds. Learned patterns enable prediction of unseen data and serve as building blocks for higher-level knowledge representation. We introduce a novel sparse n-gram model that, unlike pruned n-...