increasing water distribution uniformity in micro irrigation systems has been an important subject in applied researches. despite considerable progress in emitters’ construction, some research reports refer to their incapability in water distribution uniformity. in order to achieve greater uniformity in micro irrigation, it is necessary to manufacture emitters with low variation in manufacturin...

Elymus sibiricus L. is an important forage grass widely distributed in Asia and is usually a dominant species on Tibetan Plateau alpine grasslands. Here, we used the seed development indices of 1000 seed weight, seed moisture content, and seed viability to compare the seed characteristics at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days after anthesis (DAA) in five populations of E. sibiricus growing in Gann...

Deterioration of the natural environment as a result violation its structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction amount used in agriculture becomes possible through use Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce burden on environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count help germination r...

system evaluations were performed on 48 center pivots in different parts of saudi arabia. these systems, located on different farms in four different regions of the country, namely: riyadh, jouf, qassim and eastern regions, were evaluated to study the effect of lateral configuration on water application uniformity as regards the original vs. modified laterals. lateral configuration modification...

Sporeling development in Cavicularia densa was determined using controlled culture and light microscopy techniques. Ontogeny is typified by endosporic germination followed by early protonematal development via the production of a terminal quadrant of four cells which ruptures the spore wall distally. Sporeling production is triggered by the delimitation of a cuneate apical cell in one of the qu...

low seed germination and seedling emergence is one of the main problems in saline areas. seed priming technique has been known as a challenge to improve germination and seedling emergence under different environmental stress. the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with gibberellin, nacl and water on seed germination and seed reserve utilization and germination...

laboratory experiments were performed to determine the effect of various scarification treatments at four temperature regimes on germination of licorice seeds . a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. germination counts were made every day for 2 weeks. at 50c, none of the chemically and mechanically scarified and non scarified seeds germinated. at 15, 25, and 350...

Background: Blackgram (Vignam ungo L.) is one of the most important legume crops, grown all around world. It used as a vegetable, feed, food and fodder purpose. has lower germination production because its hard outer covering. To improve seedling vigour, priming alters physiological state seed. This change may uniformity, increasing seed vigour or physiology. Primed seeds generate seedlings tha...