Underground railway stations are known to have elevated particulate matter (PM) loads compared to ambient air. As these particles are derived from metal-rich sources and transition metals may pose a risk to health by virtue of their ability to catalyze generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their potential enrichment in underground environments is a source of concern. Compared to coarse (...

A wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is defined as a network of wireless sensor devices in which all sensor devices are deployed completely underground (network sinks or any devices specifically for relay between sensors and a sink may be aboveground). In hybrid wireless underground sensor network (HWUSN), communication between nodes is implemented from underground-to-air or air-to-unde...

Underground displacement monitoring is a key means to monitor and evaluate geological disasters and geotechnical projects. There exist few practical instruments able to monitor subsurface horizontal and vertical displacements simultaneously due to monitoring invisibility and complexity. A novel underground displacement 3D measuring sensor had been proposed in our previous studies, and great eff...

With a growing need for usable land in urban areas, subterranean development has been gaining attention. While construction of large underground complexes is not a new concept, our understanding of various socio-cultural aspects of staying underground is still at a premature stage. With projected emergence of underground built environments, future populations may spend much more of their workin...

Alat transportasi telah menjadi peranan penting dalam perkembangan di Sulawesi Utara. Dengan banyaknya jumlah kendaraan maka tingkat pelanggaran lalu lintas ikut bertambah yang berakibat pada kecelakaan lintas. Tetapi situasi pandemi saat ini Satlantas bertugas mengalami masalah tertentu, karena itu untuk mencegah tindakan lintas, Kepolisian menerapkan Sistem Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement ...

The basic principle of in situ leaching is chemical mining. process to inject solution into the ore body, and spread pores mountain. completed by coupling action liquid seepage field ion exchange reactions. In production process, only one injection can be carried out a certain stope, so it impossible improve effect through practice. By simulating rare earth ions, this paper builds test stope tr...

Dissatisfaction with work boot design is common in the mining industry. Many underground coal miners believe their work boots contribute to the high incidence of lower limb injuries they experience. Despite this, the most recent research to examine underground coal mining work boot satisfaction was conducted over a decade ago. This present study aimed to address this gap in the literature by as...

With the fast development and utilization of underground space resource in cities, the spatial distribution of urban underground pipelines becomes more and more complex. How to efficiently utilize the latest technology, realize underground space resources' management, visualization, layout optimization and mine applications, are challenging issues in current digital city development. Taking int...