Kiirunavaara (Kiruna) iron ore mine owned by LKAB (Sweden) is one of the largest underground mines. Mining started in 1898 as an open pit mine. In mid-1950, the mine started a transition to underground mining and passed to only underground mining in 1962. More substantial problems with seismicity started in 2007-2008 when the deepest mining level was 907 m (ca. 670 m below surface). By 2016, th...

This contribution presents an architecture, which enables collision-avoiding robot navigation in indoor-environments based onmonocular visual information. This is achieved by neural linkage of image features with depth information, which can be extracted from the stream of visual data. A first approach only segments camera images into obstacle and passable underground regions with the exclusive...

Recent studies revealed that although subterranean mammals inhabit a dark underground environment, they can still perceive light stimuli and use this to entrain their circadian activity rhythm. Regarding spatial orientation, olfactory and tactile cues are employed for short-distance; whereas for long-distance, subterranean mammals employ the earth's magnetic field and self-generated (vestibular...

The technical details and performance of the newly developed Sandwich spectrometer for ultra low-level gamma-ray spectrometry are presented. The spectrometer, which consists of two HPGe detectors, an active muon shield and a lead/copper shield with a convenient and rapid opening mechanism, is located in an underground laboratory at a depth of 500 m water equivalent. The data is collected in lis...

The spectra and composition of cosmic ray primaries are being studied by fitting extensive and detailed underground muon data using scaling model calculations of hadronic interactions in the atmosphere. Three types of data have been analyzed: (1) The intensity-depth curve for the total flux of muons. (2) The muon charge ratio. (3) The rates of doubles, triples, and higher multiplicities in the ...

Abstract. This research addresses the design and utilization of vertical reference features in Augmented Reality (AR) to aid providing perspective from underground pipes ground surface. The study utilizes 3D GIS data assigns Z coordinates Underground Utility Networks (UUNs) using AHN4 digital elevation Netherlands (and either use standard depth or surveyed depth). However, registering related a...

Rock at depth is subjected to stresses resulting from the weight of the overlying strata and from locked in stresses of tectonic origin. When an opening is excavated in this rock, the stress field is locally disrupted and a new set of stresses are induced in the rock surrounding the opening. Knowledge of the magnitudes and directions of these in situ and induced stresses is an essential compone...

A high-resolution seismic reflection investigation mapped reflectors and identified characteristics potentially influencing the interpretation of the hydrogeology underlying a portion of the Oxnard Plain in Ventura County, California. Design and implementation of this study was heavily influenced by high levels of cultural noise from vehicles, power lines, roads, manufacturing facilities, and u...

In August 2014, a large sinkhole with width of 2.5m, depth 5m, and length 8m was discovered in Seoul followed by an additional 5-8m, 4-5m, 70m the center Seokchon underground driveway