Pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound of fetal vessels confirms the similarity of human fetal circulation to the experimental animal physiology, The result of a multitude of research articles in this field is the clinical use of various components of fetal circulation in perinatal medicine. Umbilical, uterine and fetal cerebral arteries as well as the fetal venous circulation show the potential of Dop...

Objective: To evaluate the value of Doppler velocimetry of umbilical and middle cerebral arteries and amniotic fluid volume in the surveillance of post term pregnancies. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Kasr El-Aini Hospital. Materials and Methods: Forty pregnant ladies with a gestational age of more than 41 weeks were compared to 40 pregnant ladies with gestational age ranging from 37 t...

We studied 26 healthy parturients undergoing elective Caesarean section, allocated randomly to receive extradural block with 0.5% plain bupivacaine in a double-blind manner in either a single bolus or fractionated doses. After a 3-ml test dose, an additional 20 ml of bupivacaine were given over a 5-min period in the single bolus group (n = 13) and over a 25-min period in the fractionated dose g...

introduction: vertebral arteries arise from the root of the neck as the first branches from the superior-posterior aspect of the subclavian arteries. they ascend the neck to enter the cranial cavity and supply blood to the brain. methods: a total of 20 cadavers (in 10 years) were dissected for the study of variations in the origin of the vertebral artery. this study was conducted in isfahan uni...