This paper investigates the effect of temperature on a hybrid energy storage system with various energy management systems. The hybrid energy storage system consists of a fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery with associated DC/DC and DC/AC converters. The energy management strategies employed are the state machine control strategy, fuzzy frequency/logic decoupling strategy, minimization strate...

With the application of new energy technology, hybrid agricultural machinery has been developed. This article designs a tractor management method to solve problem high consumption caused by significant load fluctuation in field operation. first analyzes characteristics hydrogen fuel cell, power battery, and ultracapacitor system for tractor. Second, strategy (EMS) multi-layer decoupling control...

The development of energy management strategy (EMS), which considers how power is distributed between the battery and ultracapacitor, can reduce electric vehicle’s consumption slow down degradation. Therefore, purpose this paper to develop an EMS for hybrid storage vehicles based on Pontryagin’s minimums principle (PMP) considering To verify EMS, vehicle model first established. In meantime, cy...

Abstract The battery/ultracapacitor hybrid power supply system can solve the problems of high cost and short life a single system, energy management has become vital issue in field electric vehicles. In this paper, fuzzy strategy on state-of-charge (SOC) estimation battery is proposed. Particle filter (PF) algorithm used to estimate SOC battery, then estimated result regarded as input variable ...

This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic simulation model of an ultracapacitor (UC) bank and the associated control system. The system at hand consists two levels: lower level controls inverter UC bank, while upper is responsible for providing charging/discharging active power set points to be followed by level. focuses on development frequency control. Specifically, case studies are developed s...