It was established by Shaw and Knodt (I) that the normal lactating udder (in situ) of the cow utilizes almost 2 mg. of phydroxybutyric acid per 100 ml. of blood traversing the udder; it was calculated that this was sufficient to account for the short chain fatty acids of milk fat or for about 40 per cent of the oxygen consumption of the secreting gland if it were oxidized for energy purposes. L...

The relationship between type traits and longevity was studied in the French Holstein breed using a survival analysis model where the phenotypic value or the estimated genetic value of the cow for each type trait was included as a risk factor. This was done separately for two subpopulations (registered and non registered herds) and with or without adjustment for production traits, i.e., conside...

Factors affecting bacteriological cure rates (BCR) and new intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period as well as clinical mastitis (CM) during early lactation were investigated in 414 German Holstein dairy cows receiving dry cow therapy. Cows were treated with either benethamine benzylpenicillin (300,000 IU), penethamate hydriodide (100,000 IU), and framycetin sulphate (100 mg, n = 136...

The objective of the current study was to investigate (i) the outcome of experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis in primiparous cows during early lactation in relation with production of eicosanoids and inflammatory indicators, and (ii) the validity of thermography to evaluate temperature changes on udder skin surface after experimentally induced E. coli mastitis. Nine primiparous Hols...

Cows’ infrared radiation temperature study was carried out at experimental cowshed (120 cows) of Estonian University of Life Sciences. Thermal image scanner Fluke TiS was used for obtaining 640×480 pixels thermal images with resolution of 0.1°C. The temperature distribution pattern of different parts of cow’s body was estimated and analysed with SmartView software. Special attention was paid to...

The study was aimed at identifying the pathogens causing subclinical udder infections in representative Israeli dairy goat herds and determining their effect on milk quality. Five hundred goats in ten flocks of various breeds and crossbreeds were surveyed. Of the 500 goats, 13.4% were in their first lactation, 36.4% were in their second lactation and 50.2% were in their third or higher lactatio...

A total of 90 cows from three commercial farms were used to evaluate the relationship between subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis and thermal nociceptive threshold. Milk strips from all udder quarters were tested for clinical mastitis with visual inspection of milk and udder alterations and for subclinical mastitis using California Mastitis Test. Milk yield was recorded, milk was sampled...

Our knowledge of the mammary gland as related to its size and function has been largely based on the observational relationship which exists between udder size and the milk the cow is able to give.1 Briefly considered the data available consist of two measurements, the milk production of the cow in pounds and the relative degree of perfection of the udder in size, shape, and quality as measured...

________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Udder health considerably affects the economics of dairy farming. There are different reasons for poor udder health; one of them is the milking technique. In earlier studies it was shown that automatic milking systems (AMS) have advantages over conventional milking systems (CMS). Quarter individual milking...

The primary objective of premilking udder preparation and teats antiseptic is to achieve an acceptable level of decontamination of teat skin. This aids in reducing the spread of microorganisms and incidence of new intramammary infections, and in minimising the number of bacteria. The aim of our studies was to investigate the influence of pre-milking teat antiseptic solutions on total bacterial ...