one of the most prominent industries is bending, while using rotary draw bending method is known to be the most conventional approach for thin wall tube bending. pressure die is one effective tool which boosts the tube during the process and eventually improves the bending quality. other effective parameters are mandrel and the amount of clearance between tube and mandrel. in the present study,...

Springback is defined as undesirable shape change that occurs after forming process upon unloading due to the occurrence of elastic recovery part. Aluminum alloy with high content magnesium such A6061 preferred for formability limit be used in automotive industry. However, generally springback turns out a drawback. Many researchers have examined by considering parameters bent angle, die shoulde...

sheet metal components design and manufacture need a great deal of experience and know-how. strip layout design is usually done with trial and error until best design for strip layout is finally achieved. knowledge for the system is formulated from plasticity theories, experimental results, and the empirical knowledge of field experts. in this paper, an algorithm which can automatically design ...

In this paper, the laser bending process of a circular tube made of mild steel has been investigated experimentally. For this purpose, the effects of the irradiating length and the number of irradiating passes on the main bending angle of a laser bent tube are studied. In addition, the main defects of the laser tube bending process such as lateral bending angle, ovality and thickness variation ...

In this paper, we study m-point boundary value problem for fourth-order ordinary differential equation with bending term x00 8 0096-3 doi:10. * Co E-m xð4ÞðtÞ 1⁄4 gðtÞf ðt; xðtÞ; x00ðtÞÞ; t 2 ð0; 1Þ; xð0Þ 1⁄4 0; xð1Þ 1⁄4 P m 2 i1⁄41 aixðniÞ; x00ð0Þ 1⁄4 0; x00ð1Þ 1⁄4 P m 2 i1⁄41 bixðniÞ; <>: where 0 1⁄4 n0 < n1 < n2 < < nm 2 < nm 1 1⁄4 1. By constructing an available integral operator and combin...

The highest frequency hydrogen bond fundamental of formic acid dimer, ν(24) (B(u)), is experimentally located at 264 cm(-1). FTIR spectra of this in-plane bending mode of (HCOOH)(2) and band centers of its symmetric D isotopologues (isotopomers) recorded in a supersonic slit jet expansion are presented. Comparison to earlier studies at room temperature reveals the large influence of thermal exc...

scape bending disorder is the most important factor affecting postharvest loss of gerbera cut flowers. one of the ultimate reasons for gerbera stem bending is lignin, with deformation structural functions and defensive mechanisms. this postharvest experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase (pod) enzymes activity in stem bending of two gerbe...

Recently, a symmetry-adapted version of the vibron model has been developed [14]. The aim of this work is to present the description of all stretching and bending vibrations of the methane molecule in the framework of such a model. In the present algebraic approach a U(2) algebra is associated with each relevant interatomic interaction. For the CH4 molecule we have four U(2) algebras correspond...

Four-roll bending process is usually used for manufacturing of seamed thick-walled and thin-walled cylinders. Due to complexity of this process, the analytical solution of plate bending in this process has not been developed completely. The existence of friction and multi-step processing makes it more difficult. Investigation of four-roll bending process using analytical and numerical methods i...