background: staphylococcus aureus can cause infections with a wide spectrum of illnesses ranging from benign skin infections to bloodstream infection leading to mortality. antimicrobial resistance especially methicillin resistance in s. aureus (mrsa strains) is currently problematic. the emergence of mrsa infections has developed in both the healthcare and the community settings.  the aim of th...

Typing checking is an efficient way to catch simple errors. Refinement types [3] are invented to take advantage of type systems in specifying more program properties and verifying them through type checking. In [3, 2], a method to use rectype declaration has been proposed to specify regular tree grammar based invariants. Datatype lattices are then derived from rectype declarations. An algorithm...

In this study, the design of a wind tunnel was carried out to observe airflow through an airfoil, streamlines and turbine blades. To accommodate this, in study made open return tunnel. case, circuit type will be because construction is simpler manufacturing costs are relatively cheaper compared closed type. The Wind Tunnel designed with Open CLosed (OCWT) OCWT consist fan housing, diffuser, tes...

Recently there has been significant growth in research interest in type-2 fuzzy logic. Type-2 fuzzy logic is extension of type-1 (regular) fuzzy logic where the membership grade in a fuzzy set is itself measured as a fuzzy number. Much of this growth has only been concerned with type-2 interval fuzzy systems, a subset of type-2 fuzzy systems, where the membership grade of a fuzzy set is given a...

The primary purpose of this paper is to highlight for the research community and practitioners the various aspects of using VMI-type supply chains in today’s business environment as well as a number of directions for future studies. In this regard, fifty articles published in major international journals, beginning in 1995, which contribute to the VMI-type supply chains are reviewed via a syste...

The article addresses the problem of how semantic information can be upgraded to knowledge. The introductory section explains the technical terminology and the relevant background. Section two argues that, for semantic information to be upgraded to knowledge, it is necessary and sufficient to be embedded in a network of questions and answers that correctly accounts for it. Section three shows t...

This paper reports the preliminary work on extending the concept of collection in 81/2. 81/2 is a declarative language that allows the functional definition of streams and collections [1, 2]. In this paper, we focus our interest on a high-level programming abstraction which extends the concept of collection in 81/2. The new construct is based on an algebra of index set, called shape, and an ext...