We study properties of Z–vortices in the crossover region of the 3D SU(2) Higgs model. Correlators of the vortex currents with gauge field energy and Higgs field squared (“quantum vortex profile”) reveal a structure that can be compared with a classical vortex. We define a core size and a penetration depth from the vortex profile. Z–vortices are found to interact with each other analogously to ...

The intermediate state of a type-I superconductor is a classical example of energy-driven pattern-formation, first studied by Landau in 1937. Three of us recently derived five different rigorous upper bounds for the ground state energy, corresponding to different microstructural patterns, but only one of them was complemented by a lower bound with the same scaling [Choksi, Kohn, Otto, J. Nonlin...

In a uniform flux-flow state of a type-II superconductor, (i) the resistivity tensor p,~ is independent of the dissipative transport current density J, and (ii) there exists a constraint on the relative orientation of J and the average Aux density B. These two simple general properties can already account for the Lorentz-force independence of the resistive transition in high-T superconductors f...

The nature of the thermodynamic behavior of Type I superconductor particles, having a cross section less than the Ginzburg-Landau temperature dependent coherence length, ξ(T), is discussed for magnetic field induced adiabatic phase transitions from the superconductive state to the normal state. Argument is advanced supporting the view that when the adiabatic magnetocaloric process is applied to...

We outline the universal and finite temperature critical properties of the 3D-XY model, extended to anisotropic extreme type-II superconductors, as well as the universal quantum critical properties in 2D. On this basis we review: (i) the mounting evidence for 3D-XY behavior in optimally doped cuprate superconductors and the 3D to 2D crossover in the underdoped regime; (ii) the finite size limit...

We perform simulations of the three-dimensional frustrated anisotropic XY model with point disorder as a model of a type-II superconductor with quenched point pinning in a magnetic field and a weak applied current. Using resistively shunted junction dynamics, we find a critical current I_{c} that separates a creep region with immeasurably low voltage from a region with a voltage V proportional,...

Measurement and coherent manipulation of Andreev bound states (ABSs) in planar superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures could enable gate-controllable, small-footprint superconducting spin qubits with long coherence times. So far, readout capabilities device have been limited by lossy $I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\ensuremath{-}V$ substrates, but here researchers overco...

Quantum materials with non-trivial band topology and bulk superconductivity are considered superior to realize topological superconductivity. In this regard, we report detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations Z2 invariants for the NbC superconductor, exhibiting its structure be topologically non-trivial. Bulk at 8.9 K is confirmed through DC magnetization measurements under field c...

Recent observation of unusual vortex patterns in MgB(2) single crystals raised speculations about possible "type-1.5" superconductivity in two-band materials, mixing the properties of both type-I and type-II superconductors. However, the strict application of the standard two-band Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory results in simply proportional order parameters of the two bands-and does not support t...

Topological superconductors, which support Majorana fermion excitations, have been the subject of intense studies due to their novel transport properties and their potential applications in fault-tolerant quantum computations. Here we propose a new type of topological superconductors that can be used as a novel source of correlated spin currents. We show that inducing superconductivity on a AII...