Ramadan fasting is an important pillars of Islam .although patients and children expected from fasting during Ramadan, but every diabetic adolescents intends to fast should consult his diabetes management time, and intensive monitoring of blood glucose and urine ketones .close observation by endocrinologist, and weekly follow- up and highly individualized planning for each diabetic person is es...

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes are a heterogeneousgroup of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activityagainst more than one endocrine organ, although non-endocrineorgans can also be affected. We report the association of APS Iwith erythema annulare centrifugum in an 18-years-old male whopresented with multiple figurate erythema spreading on his trunkand extremities along with a histo...

Objective(s):Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent and is used in vascular disorders. It has been shown that pentoxifylline inhibits proinflammatory [d1] cytokines production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on the treatment of autoimmune diabetes in mice. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by multiple l...

Background: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disorder. Cytokines play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D.   Objective: IFN-¹ polymorphism was investigated in T1D and compared with normal controls.   Methods: Thirty patients suffering from T1D and 40 normal controls were studied simultaneously using PCR technique. IFN-   ¹ gene was evaluated at position 5’UTR...

Background Neurofibromatosis is an autosomal dominant disease. It affects one in 2,700 to 3,300 people. The main gene mutated in the disease is a tumor suppressor protein called neurofibromin. There are several categories, the most important of which is divided into two types of type I and type 2 neurofibromatosis. Here, we aimed to identify th...