Using the formalism of rigorous statistical mechanics, we study the phenomena of phase separation and freezing-point depression upon freezing of solutions. Specifically, we devise an Ising-based model of a solvent–solute system and show that, in the ensemble with a fixed amount of solute, a macroscopic phase separation occurs in an interval of values of the chemical potential of the solvent. Th...

Freeze casting with isopropanol (IPA)–H2O as a freezing agent has shown the potential to create porous scaffolds with enlarged pores. Though not experimentally proven, this effect has been suggested to be the result of non-stoichiometric structures called clathrate hydrates forming during the freezing process. In this manuscript, we build upon these results to provide experimental evidence of t...

Effects of different freezing rates and four different thawing methods on chemical composition, microstructure, and color of ginger were investigated. Computer simulation for predicting the freezing time of cylindrical ginger for two different freezing methods (slow and fast) was done using ANSYS (®) Multiphysics. Different freezing rates (slow and fast) and thawing methods significantly (P < 0...

Supercooled micro flow in microchannels was demonstrated. In order to clarify fundamental properties of the supercooling state in microchannels, freezing temperature was measured in the microchannels having widths ranging from 70 microm to 300 microm. The freezing temperature decreased with decreasing width of the microchannel when the microchannel wall was chemically modified with octadecylsil...

We present a parametric finite element approximation of two-phase flow with insoluble surfactant. This free boundary problem is given by the Navier–Stokes equations for the two-phase flow in the bulk, which are coupled to the transport equation for the insoluble surfactant on the interface that separates the two phases. We combine the evolving surface finite element method with an approach prev...

INTRODUCTION THE FREEZING PROCESS Frost Supercooling Freeze Desiccation Controlling the freezing process Acclimation to Freezing Stress Metabolic changes Sugars Lipids Abscisic acid The signalling cascade Mechanisms of Injury Sulphydryl-disulphide Hypothesis Expansion-induced Lysis Freeze-induced electrical transients Phase properties of the lipid bilayer Plasma membrane transport and ATPase Ox...

We study a model for water with a tunable intramolecular interaction J(sigma), using mean-field theory and off-lattice Monte Carlo simulations. For all J(sigma)> or =0, the model displays a temperature of maximum density. For a finite intramolecular interaction J(sigma)>0, our calculations support the presence of a liquid-liquid phase transition with a possible liquid-liquid critical point for ...