The sense of smell is perceived by olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) present in the olfactory epithelium located in the posterosuperior aspect of the nasal cavity. The axons of these ORN migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), forming a nervous layer on the outermost part of the bulb, and finally synapse in glomerular structures in the OB. The ORN are unique in that they are constantly being renewed...

The aim of this study was to develop a Teacher and Classmate Support Scale-Taiwan Version (TCMS: TW) test for its validation with sample 474 Taiwanese children adolescents. This cross-cultural research replicates the two-factor structure original scale. We found evidence good internal, composite, test-retest reliability TCMS: TW. Average Variance Extracted (AVE) obtained both convergent discrim...

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle tissue holds a large volume of water partitioned into extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) fractions. As the ECW may not be related to muscle strength directly, we hypothesized that excluding ECW from muscle volume would strengthen the correlation with muscle strength. METHODS A total of 119 healthy men aged 20-88 years old participated in this st...

We obtain a number of lower bounds on the running time of algorithms solving problems on graphs of bounded treewidth. We prove the results under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis of Impagliazzo and Paturi. In particular, assuming that SAT cannot be solved in (2−ǫ)m time, we show that for any ǫ > 0; • INDEPENDENT SET cannot be solved in (2 − ǫ)tw(G)|V (G)| time, • DOMINATING SET cannot be s...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Delusional beliefs with persecutory content are common in psychosis, but difficult to treat. Interventions targeting hypothesised causal and maintaining factors have been proposed as a way of improving therapy. The current study is a feasibility randomised controlled trial of the 'Thinking Well (TW)' intervention: This novel approach combines the recently developed Mau...

This study examined fatigue profile during intermittent exercise in 10 men with mild to moderate mental retardation (MR) and 10 men without mental retardation (C). They performed 4 x 30s maximal knee extensions and flexions with 1-min rest on an isokinetic dynamometer. Peak torque of flexors (PTFL) and extensors (PTEX), total work (TW), and lactate were measured. Fatigue was calculated as the m...

In this study, tea waste (TW) is employed for the removal of Congo red (CR) from aqueous solutions in a fixed-bed column at 30 °C. The breakthrough curves of the adsorption process of CR on TW at three different flow rates are determined. The results revealed that the breakthrough curves were dependent on flow rates in a manner in which a lower flow rate was in favor of the CR adsorption in the...

BACKGROUND There has been a steady increase in China's annual research output. We aimed to investigate the research output in public health from 3 major regions of China: mainland China (ML), Hong Kong (HK) and Taiwan (TW). MATERIAL/METHODS We retrieved papers published in 105 public health-related journals from ML, HK and TW with the applications of the ISI Web of Knowledge database. The tot...

This paper studies the Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) with gated-limited service. The transmission window (TW) is limited in this system to guaranteeing a bounded delay experienced by disciplined users, and to constrain malicious users from monopolizing the transmission channel. Thus, selecting an appropriate TW size is critical to the performance of EPON with gated-limited service dis...

The relaxational dynamics of 1+1 dimensional directed polymer in random potential is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. A series of temperature quench experiments is performed changing waiting times tw. Clear crossover from quasi-equilibrium behavior (t ≪ tw) to off-equilibrium behavior (t ≫ tw) appears in the dynamical overlap function whose scaling properties are very similar to those found ...