Plant parasitic nematodes on golf courses present special problems for both disease diagnosticians and superintendents. In contrast to fungal diseases, which are unacceptable at any level, low to moderate levels of plant parasitic nematodes should be expected in any stand of turf. The difficult part of managing a potential nematode problem is determining when the nematode population is actually...

Disturbance in coral reef environments commonly results in an algal community dominated by highly productive, small filamentous forms and cyanobacteria, collectively known as algal turf. Research on the types of disturbance responsible for this community structure has concentrated mainly on biological disturbance in the form of grazing, although physical and other forms of biological disturbanc...

OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence, nature, severity and cause of training injuries sustained on new generation artificial turf and grass by male and female footballers. METHODS The National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System was used for a two-season (August to December) prospective study involving American college and university football teams (2005 season: men 52 te...

With pesticide legislation becoming increasingly stringent, environmental issues dominating our daily routine and with growing pressures from statutory government bodies and environmental groups over the fate of nutrients, particularly with regard to the impact they may have on surface and ground water, it is perhaps not surprising that products and technologies are being developed to help turf...

w « superintendents in southern Florida have been slow to realize the importance of irrigation in our area because we have what appears to be abundant rainfall. Although southern Florida receives approximately 60 inches of rainfall a year, they are unevenly spaced. We have, in reality, two arid periods: one during July and August, and the other running from November to May, when our courses rec...

The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively evaluate available golf course water quality data and assess the extent of impacts, as determined by comparisons with toxicologic and ecologic reference points. Most water quality monitoring studies for pesticides have focused on agriculture and often the legacy chemicals. There has been increased focus on turf pesticides since the early 1...

Increasingly, products containing humic substances are appearing in the turf industry market claiming to reduce water and fertilizer use by increasing soil moisture and nutrient availability. Humic acid is the most common humic substance that has been studied, but results have been highly variable (Cooper et al.; 1998).The response of humic acid is difficult to interpret due to confounding effe...

The turf grass Sporobolus virginicus is halophyte and has high salinity tolerance. To investigate the molecular basis of its remarkable tolerance, we performed Illumina high-throughput RNA sequencing on roots and shoots of a S. virginicus genotype under normal and saline conditions. The 130 million short reads were assembled into 444,242 unigenes. A comparative analysis of the transcriptome wit...

Field experiments evaluated the effects of nematicide and fertility on performance of 'Tifway 419' bermudagrass parasitized by the sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus). Plot treatments were nontreated or nematicide (1,3-dichloropropene) treated combined with different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels. Effects of treatments on numbers of B. longicaudatus and turf performance were compared. ...

BACKGROUND Data on the incidence, nature, severity and cause of match football injuries sustained on dirt field are scarce. The objectives of this study was to compare the incidence, nature, severity and cause of match injuries sustained on dirt field and artificial turf field by amateur male football players. METHODS A prospective two-cohort design was employed. Participants were 252 male fo...