ISJow, more than ever before in golfing history, the contemporary player expects his course to be outstanding. But no matter how inspired the design, or how magnificent and beautiful the setting, no layout is better than mediocre unless its turf can be maintained at the highest degree of perfection. Of course, this must be accomplished without excessive monetary outlays. At least that's what th...

Daily irrigated, 80% pan replacement, and nonirrigated field plots of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were inoculated with a mixture of Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP-88 strain) in 1988. In 1989, daily irrigated and nonirrigated plots were inoculated with HP-88 alone. The turf and associated soil contained populations of Tylenchorhynchus dubius,...

Anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum cereale) is a destructive fungal disease of weakened turf that occurs throughout the U.S., Canada and Western Europe (15) and is particularly severe on annual bluegrass (Poa annua). The frequency and severity of anthracnose epiphytotics on golf course greens has increased over the past decade (13,14) and is thought to be associated with some of the manageme...

Terrestrial runoff after heavy rainfall can increase nutrient concentrations in waters overlying coral reefs that otherwise experience low nutrient levels. Field measurements during a runoff event showed a sharp increase in nitrate (75-fold), phosphate (31-fold) and ammonium concentrations (3-fold) in waters overlying a fringing reef at the island of Curaçao (Southern Caribbean). To understand ...

Runoff from turf environments, such as golf courses, is of increasing concern due to the associated chemical contamination of lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and ground water. Pesticide runoff due to fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides used to maintain golf courses in acceptable playing condition is a particular concern. One possible approach to mitigate such contamination is through the implem...

Since bentgrass greens in desert golf courses are vulnerable to injury from black turfgrass ataenius (BTA) beetles (Ataenius spretulus), UCR entomologists have determined when damaging populations are likely to be present and have identified an economic injury level superintendents can use to implement control measures. “The threshold levels for damaging populations of BTA on bentgrass in the l...

Fungicides are applied to turf to prevent the growth or penetration of disease-causing fungal organisms. Fungal organisms cause more diseases on turf than other microorganisms (Wong, 2006). Fungicides are the class of pesticides used to control fungal organisms, and they can be catego­ rized into many different groups based on their biochemical mode of action (MOA) and chemical structure. Addit...

OVERSEEDING: WHICH GRASSES ARE BEST 1971 overseeding results in south Florida. A. E. Dudeck andE. O. Burt. Florida Turf. 4 (5):3-6. (from the University of Florida Agricultural Research Center, Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 33314). The objective of this investigation was to evaluate monostands and polystands of various cool season turfgrasses for use in overseeding dormant bermudagrass putting greens u...

Turf algae increasingly dominate benthic communities on coral reefs. Given their abundance and high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release rates, turf algae are considered important contributors to the DOC pool on modern reefs. The release of photosynthetically fixed carbon as DOC generally, but not always, increases with increased light availability. Nutrient availability was proposed as an ad...