The crowned sifaka (Propithecus coronatus) is Endangered. It has a large but highly fragmented distribution; its known range extends from the Betsiboka River in the north of Madagascar, to the Mahavavy River in the north-west, and down to the Tsiribihina River in the south-west. The species lives in forest habitats that are highly and increasingly fragmented and are continuously suffering pertu...

121 Generalized Versions of Turbo Decoding in the Framework of Bayesian Networks and Pearl's Belief Propagation Algorithm Peyman Meshkat and John D. Villasenor Electrical Engineering Department University of California, Los Angeles Abstract| We use the framework of Bayesian networks to introduce generalizations of the traditional turbo decoding algorithm. We show that traditional turbo decoding...

In iterative equalization and decoding (\turbo-detection") the \turbo{principle" is used for detection of coded data transmitted over a frequency selective channel. Due to the burst and interleaver structure the turbo-detection scheme cannot be adopted to the GSM without modiications. We present some possibilities to adopt turbo detection to TDMA systems with inter-block-interleaving like GSM a...

Turbo decoding techniques achieve near-optimal performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) at low Signal to Noise Ratios (SNR's). Amongst these techniques, convolutional turbo codes and product turbo codes are nowadays the most common ones. They have already been selected as a standard for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) [Lit. 4]. In the future, they will probably also be ...

Turbo codes, formed by the parallel concatenation of two recursive systematic convolutional component codes separated by an interleaver, have been proposed for use in a variety of wireless applications, including mobile, satellite and fixed wireless systems. Analysis of their performance requires knowledge of their transfer function, which conveys their distance properties. Using the transfer f...

Object-Oriented Implementation of LTE Turbo Codes by Anusha Gangadi Master of Science in Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Matthew C. Valenti, Ph.D., Chair Turbo codes are a popular form of error correction codes as they perform close to the Shannon limit. Turbo codes have interesting features like parallel code concatenation, nonuniform interleaving, and an iterative decoding alg...

Recent wireless communication standards such as 3GPP-LTE, WiMax, DVB-SH, HSPA and LTE / LTE advanced incorporate turbo code for their excellent performance. In this paper, we present a new 3 dimensional turbo decoder including bit error rate (BER) is much better than the 2 dimensional turbo decoder used by LTE / LTE advanced, as is illustrated by simulation. We also address the issue of the imp...

This paper addresses the application of turbo codes for third-generation wireless services. It describes the specific characteristics of high-rate data applications in third-generation wide-band code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems that make turbo codes superior to convolutional codes. In particular, it shows the positive effect of fast power control employed in these systems on the rel...

Recently, turbo codes have received great attention due to their outstanding performance. Unfortunately, a high performance is associated with large transmission delays prohibiting an application for speech transmission. Hence, the aim of this paper is the comparison of turbo codes employing short interleavers with convolutional codes in terms of bit error rate performance and computational eff...

In recent years, numerous turbo-roundabouts have been built in many European countries. To date, there are no Italy and even the regulations do not provide for their implementation. Turbo-roundabouts considered ideal alternative to multi-lane roundabouts as they advantages. However, offer better operational performance only specific traffic flow distributions. This research used case study of a...