Overnight sleep EEG recorded from 21 derivations was studied for 7 subjects (4 normal and 3 depressive). The multichannel autoregressive model was fitted to all 21 channels simultaneously. Ordinary, multiple and partial coherencies and directed transfer function were estimated for sleep stages and wakefulness. Ordinary coherencies give rather trivial information that coherence decreases with th...

BACKGROUND We investigate the potential usability of a novel in-the-ear electroencephalography recording device for sleep staging. METHODS In one healthy subject we compare simultaneous earelectroencephalography to standard scalp EEG visually and using power spectrograms. Hypnograms independently derived from the records are compared. RESULTS We find that alpha activity, K complexes, sleep ...

OBJECTIVE—Nocturnal hypoglycemia represents an important problem for diabetic patients, which has been primarily attributed to an attenuated hormonal counterregulation during sleep. So far, hypoglycemia counterregulation has been exclusively examined during early nocturnal sleep, although early sleep differs markedly in sleep stage architecture from late sleep. Here, we investigated whether awa...

'Complexity science' is a rapidly developing research direction with applications in a multitude of fields that study complex systems consisting of a number of nonlinear elements with interesting dynamics and mutual interactions. This Theme Issue 'The complexity of sleep' aims at fostering the application of complexity science to sleep research, because the brain in its different sleep stages a...

Urothelial Carcinoma (UC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Transurethral Resection Bladder Tumor (TURBT) a standard treatment in disease’s early stages, with bladder perforation being possible and classical complication. However, extravesical tumor seeding resulting from rare phenomenon. We hereby report case 76-year-old man history smoking diagnosed high-grade T1 urothelial carci...

OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship of tumor thickness of oral lesions with metastasis in neck based on CT scan. METHODS A total of 58 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients having the median age of 46 (39-55) years. with either gender presented with malignant tumor of buccal mucosa and tongue were prospectively enrolled. A CT Scan with contrast was performed on all patients. Correlation o...

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, leading to approximately 145,000 deaths annually. Bladder cancer is typically managed by surgical removal of the tumor; however, the recurrence rate is disappointingly very high, often requiring systemic chemotherapy. Improvement in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer will only come from a comprehensive understanding of th...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signals through receptor serine/threonine kinases and intracellular Smad effectors, regulating numerous epithelial cell processes. TGF-beta plays a crucial role in the cancer initiation and progression through tumor cell autonomous signaling and interactions with tumor microenvironment, but is featured with a butterfly effect upon the stages of tumorig...

background pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pnets) are rare tumors with variable malignant potential, prognosis, and survival. we aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with non- functional pnet  in our hospital . methods from nov 2010 to nov 2013 , all patients who came to endosonography unit of shariati  hospital , tehran , iran , and   had pancreatic lesions were assessed . tumor s...