Objective: The goal of this research was to determine the influence of 4 weeks aerobic training on gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 male wistar rats were partitioned into three groups (n=10), d...

Inflammation is portion of the body's immune response and it is basically a host protective response to tissue ischemia, injury, autoimmune responses or infectious agents. Although the information presented so far points to a detrimental role for inflammation in central nervous system (CNS) disease, it may also be useful. CNS demonstrates characteristic of inflammation, and in response to damag...

Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked im...

Objective: In this study serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth beta (TGF- beta), interleukin-10 (IL–10) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were measured in naive chronic hepatitis C patients healthy control group. The relationship between the values histological activity of liver was evaluated to make predictions about histology without need for biopsy. Methods: A...

The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a central role in inflammatory disorders. Transmembrane TNF-alpha and its two receptors are cleaved by the proteinase TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE), resulting in appreciable serum levels of soluble TNF-alpha and soluble TNF-alpha receptors (sTNFR1 and -2). The only known functions of sTNFR1 are to antagonize and bu...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in liver inflammation. CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) is a key receptor–ligand signaling pair involved the adaptive immune response and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In mice, CD40 activation leads to sickness behavior syndrome (SBS) comprising weight loss, sleep disruption depression, which can be blocked by administration TNF-in...

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is considered to be 1 of the factors that induce vasculitis, including coronary artery aneurysm (CA), in Kawasaki disease (KD), because the blood concentration of TNF-alpha is higher in patients with CA compared with those without. Therefore, an anti-TNF-alphaagent (infliximab) was administered to a 1-month-old girl with refractory KD complicated by CA an...

Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative condition. It is characterized by the salient inflammatory features, microglial activation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to the inflammatory states of the CNS. Accumulating data suggest the key role of inflammation in AD pathogenesis. In a prospective...