Citation: Guina T, Lanning LL, Omland KS, Williams MS, Wolfraim LA, Heyse SP, Houchens CR, Sanz P and Hewitt JA (2018) The Cynomolgus Macaque Natural History Model of Pneumonic Tularemia for Predicting Clinical Efficacy Under the Animal Rule. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 8:99. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00099 The Cynomolgus Macaque Natural History Model of Pneumonic Tularemia for Predicting Cli...

Tularemia is an endemic zoonotic infection caused by Francisella tularensis, which primarily causes infection in humans who have handled contaminated animal tissue or have been bitten by infected arthropods. Because of its ease of dispersion and transmission and its high degree of infectivity, F. tularensis is also considered to be a bioterrorism agent. Consequently, there is renewed interest i...

Little information is available in the United States regarding the incidence and distribution of diseases caused by critical microbiologic agents with the potential for use in acts of terrorism. We describe disease-specific, demographic, geographic, and seasonal distribution of selected bioterrorism-related conditions (anthrax, botulism, brucellosis, cholera, plague, tularemia, and viral enceph...

Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997-1998 and 2007-2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pu...

with ciprofloxacin at a dosage of 500–750 mg b.i.d. for 10–28 days. It should be noted, however, that, in the latter report, the interval between onset of disease and start of treatment with ciprofloxacin was not specified, and, in 4 of 7 cases with relapse, ciprofloxacin was used as a secondary therapy. We recently reported successful treatment of ulceroglandular tularemia with oral ciprofloxa...

Background. In this multicentric study, which is the largest case series ever reported, we aimed to describe the features of tularemia to provide detailed information. Methods. This multi-center study pooled patients with any form of tularemia from 41 medical centers in Turkey. The study had a retrospective design and included patients treated between 2000 and 2013. No control groups were inclu...

Tularemia, caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, where F. tularensis subspecies holarctica has long been the cause of endemic disease in parts of northern Sweden. Despite this, our understanding of the natural life-cycle of the organism is still limited. During three years, we collected surface water samples (n = 341) and sediment samples (n = 245) in two areas in Sweden with endemic ...

The relationship between hypersensitivity and cellular resistance to infection with facultative intracellular parasites was studied in mice by using infection-immunity in tularemia as a model system. Delayed hypersensitivity to antigenic fractions of Francisella tularensis was first detected 6 to 7 days after immunization with viable F. tularensis vaccine, at which time immunity against challen...

Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, which is transmitted to humans most commonly by contact with infected animals, tick bites, or inhalation of aerosolized bacteria. F. tularensis is highly infectious via the aerosol route; inhalation of as few as 10-50 organisms can cause pneumonic tularemia. Left untreated, the pneumonic form has more than >30% case-fatality rate...

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the ultrasonography (US) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) findings of tularemia in the neck. METHODS US and CECT findings of 58 patients with serologically proven tularemia were retrospectively evaluated. Forty-eight patients underwent US and 42 patients underwent CECT. Lymph node characteristics and parotid preauricular region involvement were ana...