Abstract The article explores the role of military treatises and manuals as objects factors in cultural technology transfer from Western Europe to Russia 17 th century a comparative perspective. Listing on tactics, organization technology, translated for needs Russian monarchs before radical Westernizing reforms under Tsar Peter I started 1700, analyses how these texts were perceived by their r...

Comamonas testosteroni T-2 uses a standard, if seldom examined, attack on an aromatic compound and oxygenates the side chain of p-toluenesulfonate (TS) (or p-toluenecarboxylate) to p-sulfobenzoate (or terephthalate) prior to complete oxidation. The expression of the first three catabolic enzymes in the pathway, the TS methyl-monooxygenase system (comprising reductase B and oxygenase M; TsaMB), ...

The present article covers the results of a study on source texts Saratov edition Zlatostruy (Crysorrhoas) сollection, known in single copy that dates back to end 15th century (Sar. 45). manuscript contains 127 chapters, with first 78 them deriving from readings Zlatostruy. remaining chapters were compiled fragments other collections teachings. One was Izbornik (Florilegium), for Tsar Simeon du...

Russian Tsar Peter Alekseevich, who went down in history as a reformer and the first emperor, his activities to transform patriarchal Moscow kingdom into modern Empire affected almost all spheres of state activity. He did not lose attention forest legislation. According authors article, created foundations legislation, main feature which was protection interest detriment private. Thus, article ...

The paper deals with the evolution of Russian legal frameworks governing Muslim Tatars that resided in Volga-Ural region during liberal reforms implemented by Tsar Alexander II and conservative course III. In this regard, development environment to define a status is certain projection ups downs passed through autocracy calibrating domestic policy era its entry into an industrial society. This ...

Based on extensive historical material, the article analyzes events of how, during Northern War, West saw emerging power Russia and tried to prevent strengthening Russian state. For this reason, none leaders European countries responded proposal Peter I become an intermediary in organizing peace negotiations between Sweden. Having entered shores Baltic, tsar wanted trade, but was forced co...