Abstract America’s first documented wooden covered bridge was erected at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1805. Hundreds were constructed within two decades and least 10,000 by the later 1800s. As settlers moved West, broad rivers crossed with inventive structures incorporating timber trusses ingeniously developed carpenters. Called bridges because of roof siding needed to protect trusses, they be...

This paper investigates the inertial force effect on nonlinear aeroelasticity of flexible wing aircraft. The geometric are nonlinearity due to rotational and tension stiffening. The effect of large bending deflection will also be investigated. Aeroelastic analysis will be conducted for a truss-braced wing aircraft concept with nonlinear effect of large bending deflection and inertial force coup...

By treating idealized zeolite frameworks as periodic mechanical trusses, we show that the number of flexible folding mechanisms in zeolite frameworks is strongly peaked at the minimum density end of their flexibility window. 25 of the 197 known zeolite frameworks exhibit an extensive flexibility, where the number of unique mechanisms increases linearly with the volume when long wavelength mecha...

Optimal design of structure has a main role in reduction of material usage which leads to deduction in the final cost of construction projects. Evolutionary approaches are found to be more successful techniques for solving size and shape structural optimization problem since it uses a stochastic random search instead of a gradient search. By reviewing the recent literature works the problem fou...

Numerical layout optimization provides a computationally efficient and generally applicable means of identifying the optimal arrangement of bars in a truss. When the plastic layout optimization formulation is used, a wide variety of problem types can be solved using linear programming. However, the solutions obtained are frequently quite complex, particularly when fine numerical discretizations...

Design optimization of a class of plane trusses called the N-Shaped Truss (NST) is addressed. The parametric model of NST presented is intended for real-world application, avoiding simplifications of the design details that compromise the applicability. The model, which includes twenty-seven discrete variables concerning topology, configuration and sizing of the truss, presents a challenging op...