A generalized Mach–Zehnder-type interferometer equipped with cross-Kerr elements is proposed to convert N-photon truncated single-mode quantum states into (N +1)-mode single-photon states, which are suitable for further state manipulation by means of beam splitter arrays and ON/OFF-detections, and vice versa. Applications to the realization of uni-tary and non-unitary transformations, quantum s...

In this paper, we propose a Generalized Approximate Cross Validation (GACV) function for estimating the smoothing parameter in the penalized log likelihood regression problem with non-Gaussian data. This GACV is obtained by, first, obtaining an approximation to the leaving-out-one function based on the negative log likelihood, and then, in a step reminiscent of that used to get from leaving-out...

The scaling in σ γ * p (W 2 , Q 2) cross sections (for Q 2 /W 2 << 1) in terms of the scaling variable η = (Q 2 + m 2 0)/Λ 2 (W 2) is interpreted in the generalized vector dominance/color-dipole picture (GVD/CDP). The quantity Λ 2 (W 2) is identified as the average gluon transverse momentum absorbed by the q ¯ q state, < l 2 ⊥ >= (1/6)Λ 2 (W 2). At any Q 2 , for W 2 → ∞, the cross sections for ...

This paper discusses the use of robust geostatistical methods on a data set of rainfall measurements for Switzerland. The variables are detrended via nonparametric estimation penalized with a smoothing parameter. The optimal trend is computed with a smoothing parameter based on cross-validation. The variogram is then estimated by a highly robust estimator of scale. The parametric variogram mode...