A significant reduction (increase) of tropical storm activity over the Atlantic basin is observed during El Niño (La Niña) events. Furthermore, the number of Atlantic tropical storms displays an interdecadal variability with more storms in the 1950s and 1960s than in the 1970s and 1980s. Ensembles of simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) are used to explore the mechan...

Simpson's long working life covered a wide field. The pioneering nature of his work in public health and tropical hygiene involved a number of appointments at home and abroad. He worked in Aberdeen as Medical Officer of Health, in India as Health Officer for Calcutta, and in London he taught as Professor of Hygiene at King's College, becoming one of the founders of the London School of Hygiene ...

This paper simulates the increase in the average annual loss from tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic for the years 2015 and 2050. The simulation is based on assumptions concerning wealth trends in the regions affected by the storms, considered by the change in material assets (capital stock). Further assumptions are made about the trend in storm intensity resulting from anthropogenic clima...

OBJECTIVE Guangdong province is one of the most vulnerable provinces to tropical cyclones in China. Most prior studies concentrated on the relationship between tropical cyclones and injuries and mortality. This study aimed to explore the impacts of different grades of tropical cyclones on infectious diarrhea incidence in Guangdong province, from 2005 to 2011. METHODS Mann-Whitney U test was f...

We give a rigorous definition of tropical fans (the “local building blocks for tropical varieties”) and their morphisms. For a morphism of tropical fans of the same dimension we show that the number of inverse images (counted with suitable tropical multiplicities) of a point in the target does not depend on the chosen point — a statement that can be viewed as one of the important first steps of...

Recent research to increase understanding, and techniques to improve forecasts, of the structure and structural changes of a tropical cyclone due to interaction with the environment are summarized. The atmospheric environment is considered here, and the oceanic, and air-sea interface environments are summarized in Topic 1.3. Progress in understanding how a tropical cyclone interacts with its en...

Recently the area of tropical geometry has introduced the concept of the tropical elliptic group law associated with a tropical elliptic curve. This gives rise to a notion of the tropical QRT mapping. We compute the explicit tropically birational expressions that define the tropical QRTmapping for some arbitrary set of parameters. We consider this a new integrable ultradiscrete system. This als...

SUMMARY As Britain's imperial and colonial ambitions intensified toward the end of the nineteenth century, the preservation of white European health in tropical climates became an increasingly important concern. Since at least the seventeenth century, the "tropics" had been seen as spaces holding vast potential wealth but also death and disease. To combat these deadly but desirable landscapes, ...

Abstract Each metric graph has canonically associated to it a polarized real torus called its tropical Jacobian. A fundamental real-valued invariant each is moment. We give an explicit and efficiently computable formula for the moment of Jacobian in terms potential theory on underlying graph. show that there exists universal linear relation between moment, certain capacity tau invariant, total ...

The long-term goals are to understand how variabilities in the large-scale atmospheric environment influence tropical cyclone track, structure, and intensity characteristics and define how these influences differ between developing, mature, and decaying tropical cyclones. During the initial stages of tropical cyclone development, structure and track characteristics can exhibit large variabiliti...