The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression pattern of estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1) in Barbari bucks (fertile and non-fertile) identified on the basis of seminal quality traits and fertility trials. RNA was extracted from the spleen by Trizol method. The expression pattern of ESR1 gene was analyzed using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression pattern of E...

Background & Aims: Endurance training has an important role in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of endurance training on miR- 155 expression, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) gene expression, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) protein in breast cancer tumor in mice. Methods: In this study, 16 female Ba...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and insulin factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in oocytes cultured vitro with optimum elevated doses amphiregulin (50 ng 150 ng), neuregulin-1 (25 ng) tumor necrosis factor-α during maturation based on results effects AREG or NRG-1 TNF-α concentration which caused significant effect, ...

Small RNAs (sRNA) of 15-30 nucleotides regulate various processes in eukaryotes. Regulatory sRNAs are produced through the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway from double stranded RNA (dsRNA). Dicer or dicer-like enzyme processes the dsRNAs into 15-30 bp dsRNAs, which in turn bind to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to regulate gene expression. We previously cloned sRNAs from barley. In thi...

PURPOSE Tumor growth and progression requires multiple steps and genetic alterations. The molecular events that occur as tumors increase in size are unknown. Patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) provide a unique opportunity to study molecular alterations during tumor growth as these patients develop multiple bilateral renal tumors. To better characterize biologic events associated with tumor g...

Total RNA was extracted using the TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, whereas from caryopses it was isolated by a LiCl based method. The resulting RNA was treated with RNase-free DNase I (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Following digestion, nucleotides were removed from RNA using a G50 sepharose buffer exchange column (Amersham). Absence of g...