We define continuous-time dynamics for exchange economies with fiat money. Traders have locally rational expectations, face a cash-in-advance constraint, and continuously adjust their short-run dominant strategy in a monetary strategic market game involving a double-auction with limit-price orders. Money has a positive value except on optimal rest-points where it becomes a “veil” and trade vani...

Results are presented for modeling of the shape of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) versus wavelength for silicon photodiodes in the 400 nm to 900 nm wavelength range. The IQE data are based on measurements of the external quantum efficiencies of three transmission optical trap detectors using an extensive set of laser wavelengths, along with the transmittance of the traps. We find that a ...

A simple and relatively cheap locally-assembled light trap was used to sample pre-settlement fish larvae in the Malindi Marine Park, Kenya, for two years. The trap was assembled locally using a water dispenser bottle, plastic bottle necks, buckets, 12V rechargeable alkaline batteries and a diver’s dry box. The light unit consisted of a 12 V rechargeable alkaline Jacob’s battery that powered a 1...

Pt-tipped CdSe nanorods epitaxially passivated with atomic-level CdS shells have been synthesized and have significantly improved the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency by 6.5 times. The enhancement is due to the effective elimination of surface defects/trap states in the CdSe nanorods, thereby minimizing exciton recombination and maximizing the charge separation efficiency.

We propose to integrate diffractive axicons into solar cells as a light trap for increasing of light absorbing efficiency. Experimental work and numerical simulations are provided in this paper. The experimental measurements of light-to-electricity conversion efficiency are conducted using a laser with tunable wavelength.

The efficiency of the duplex cone and Fay-Prince traps for monitoring adult male and female Aedes sierrensis was evaluated at 3 field sites in California. The numbers of females captured by both types of traps were significantly correlated with human sentinel collections. The Fay-Prince trap captured more Ae. sierrensis females than the duplex cone trap and was a better tool for estimating fema...

introduction: telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay (trap assay) is a standard established technique to detect the activity (expression) of telomerase in the cancerous samples. it includes a time-consuming procedure that has significant drawbacks such as high cost, complicacy, time-consuming procedure, equipment-dependent steps and false-positive signals caused by inclusion of pcr insid...

Trapping methods can strongly influence the sampling of mammal communities. This study compared the efficiency of the capture of small mammals in Sherman traps in two positions (at ground level and in trees) and pitfall traps in a fragmented landscape. Trapping sessions were carried out between October 2008 and October 2009 at two fragments (8 and 17 ha), an agroforest corridor between them, an...

Olfactory cues released by adult bees, brood, pollen, and honey from a honey bee, Apis mellifera L., colony are the primary stimuli that guide the beetle Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to host colonies. To investigate the response of adult A. tumida to visual stimuli, we tested the influence of color and height on trap efficiency. Two pole trap colors (black and white) were eva...

Optical traps (tweezers) are beginning to be used with increasing efficacy in diverse studies in the biological and biomedical sciences. We report here results of a systematic study aimed at enhancing the efficiency with which dielectric (transparent) materials can be optically trapped. Specifically, we investigate how truncation of the incident laser beam affects the strength of an optical tra...