The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of loading direction on the structural response of the human clavicle subjected to three-point bending. A total of 20 clavicles were obtained from 10 unembalmed fresh-frozen postmortem human subjects ranging from 45 to 92 years of age. The right and left clavicles from each subject were randomly divided into two test groups. One group was...

The elastic structures of many muscles include both an extramuscular free tendon as well as a sheet-like aponeurosis. An important distinguishing feature of aponeuroses is that these tendinous structures function as the attachment and insertion surfaces of muscle fascicles and therefore surround a substantial portion of the muscle belly. As a result, aponeuroses must expand both parallel (longi...

The mechanical properties of demineralized bovine cortical femur bone were investigated by cyclic loading-unloading compression in three anatomical directions (longitudinal, radial, transverse) within the physiological strain range. The loading responses in the radial and transverse directions were nearly linear up to 2% strain, while the response in longitudinal direction was strongly non-line...

In boreholes where formation shear velocity is lower than borehole tluid velocity neither refracted shear waves nor pseudo-Rayleigh waves can propagate. When frequency response of the sonde does not extend to low frequencies (e.g. 2 kHz) Stoneley waves are not excited efficiently. In such cases refracted P, leaking modes (PL) and tluid waves become dominant phases on a full waveform acoustic lo...

The strength and ductility of concrete improve under multi-axial compressive stress due to confinement effect. Some parameters are effective for considering the confinement in concrete and various stress-strain models were developed by different researchers. Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement steels can influence on confinement in reinforced concrete members. In this paper, various stres...

The mechanical characteristics and orientation of joints determine the behaviour of rock masses, including the strength, the stiffness, and all forms of conduction and diffusion. Furthermore, the preferential orientation of joints renders the medium anisotropic. In turn, these properties affect the velocity and damping of propagating elastic waves. The purpose of this study is to investigate th...

Uniaxial tensile and relaxation tests were carried out on annulus fibrosus samples carved out in the circumferential direction. Images were shot perpendicularly to the loading direction. Digital image correlation techniques accurately measured the evolution of full displacement fields in both transverse directions: plane of fibres and plane of lamellae. In the fibre plane, strains were governed...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to characterize both regional left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention by using strain imaging (SI) derived from 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. BACKGROUND Ischemic insult after coronary occlusion affects not only regional LV systolic but also diastolic function. METHODS Regional LV tra...