abstract background: the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (tram) flap remains the gold standard for postmastectomy reconstruction either immediate or delayed. however, transfer of tram flap can be associated with donor site morbidities and complications in flap. a successful reconstruction consists of careful patient selection, surgical technique and meticulous preoperative planning...

Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL) grids play a pivotal role in nodal spectral methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. They not only provide efficient high-order quadrature rules, but give also rise to norm equivalences that could eventually lead to efficient preconditioning techniques in high-order methods. Unfortunately, a serious obstruction to fully exploiting the po...

Over the last few years, several nations around the world have set up Grids to share resources such as computers, data, and instruments to enable collaborative science, engineering, and business applications. These Grids follow a restricted organizational model wherein a Virtual Organization (VO) is created for a specific collaboration and all interactions such as resource sharing are limited t...

The use of overset grids in CFD started more than two decades ago, and has achieved tremendous success in handling complex geometries. In particular, overset grids have the advantage of avoiding grid remeshing when dealing with moving boundary flow problems. Traditionally overset grids were mainly used with structured grids to simplify the grid generation process, because a complex computationa...

Desktop grids are usually equipped with hundreds or thousands of desktops which use the idle cycles of desktop PCs of small enterprises and institutions. From conventional multi -site cluster grids, desktop grids vary markedly in terms of their dynamic nature. In terms of their dynamic nature such grids vary markedly from conventional grids] . This causes the need of new scheduling algorithms ,...

the paper tries to present an improved mathematical model for distribution companies (discos) in order to solve distribution network expansion planning (dnep) problems in the presence of certain resources of distributed generations (dgs) entitled small scale gas engines in the medium voltage grids. with the aim of minimizing investment and operation costs, the recommended model combines a compr...

Although studies on RC beams under shear have a history record of more than 100 years, many important issues in this context still remain that have evaded attention. The aim of the current study is to study a number of these less investigated aspects of the behavior of RC beams under shear. For this purpose, and based on the modified compression field theory, a computer program has been writte...

Aims. A method for constructing new uniform grids on the sphere is given. Methods. We define a bijection in R2, which maps squares onto discs and preserves areas. Then we use this bijection, combined with Lambert azimuthal projection, for lifting uniform grids from the square to the sphere. Results. We can obtain uniform spherical grids that allow a hierarchical data manipulation and have an is...

Services oriented grids will be more prominent among other kinds of grids in the present distributed environments. With the advent of online government services the governmental grids will come up in huge numbers. Apart from common security issues as in other grids, the authorization in service oriented grids faces certain shortcomings and needs to be looked upon differently. The CMMS model pre...

5 Spectral methods 36 5.1 Unbounded grids and semidiscrete FT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5.2 Periodic grids and Discrete FT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5.3 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5.4 Spectral approximation for unbounded grids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 5.5 Application to PDE’s . . . . . . . . . ....