fault zones and fault-related fracture systems control the mechanical behaviors and fluid-flow properties of the earth’s crust. furthermore, nowadays, modeling is being increasingly used in order to understand the behavior of rock masses, and to determine their characteristics. in this work, fault zones and fracture patterns are reviewed, and also comprehensive studies are carried out on the fr...

a new fault tolerant controller (ftc) has been presented in this research by integrating a fault detection and diagnosis (fdd) mechanism in a nonlinear model predictive controller framework. the proposed fdd utilizes a multi-sensor data fusion (msdf) methodology to enhance its reliability and estimation accuracy. an augmented state-vector model is developed to incorporate the occurred sensor fa...

The morphotectonic analysis is a useful time-saving and cost-effective method to assess tectonic activity, especially in large regions. In this paper, the study was carried out Kerman city which southeast of Iran part Central structural zone. Despite occurrence numerous historical instrumental earthquakes around city, there gap earthquake records that has obscured its seismicity status. aim ide...

Mashhad city, the second most populous metropolis of Iran, with a population of more than three million, lies between two seismically active regions of Binalood and Kopet-Dagh. In recent years, the city has grown around the South Mashhad (SM) fault zone in the south. Given the vital role of the SM fault in influencing the seismic risk of the city, this study is aimed at the evaluation of the fa...

This paper presents a novel approach for fault type estimation in power systems. The Fault type estimation is the first step to estimate instantaneous voltage, voltage sag magnitude and duration in a three-phase system at fault duration. The approach is based on time-domain state estimation where redundant measurements are available. The current based model allows a linear mapping between the m...

To realize the self-healing concept of smart grids, an accurate and reliable fault locator is a prerequisite. This paper presents a new fault location method for active power distribution networks which is based on measured voltage sag and use of whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The fault induced voltage sag depends on the fault location and resistance. Therefore, the fault location can be f...

Many researches have been currently conducted on the effects of fault distance on structures revealing that their seismic response can differ according to their distance from the fault. Suspension bridges due to their long period and high flexibility can be more sensitive to this phenomenon, especially in vertical vibration. Since the engineers tend to use longer spans, the length factor should...

We determined the variations in seismic structure beneath southern California by using a tomographic method of inversion on teleseismic P delays recorded with the Southern California Array. The algorithm employed was a modified form of an Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) used in medical X-ray imaging. Deconvolution with an empirically estimated point spread function was also used to hel...