The photolithographic fabrication of high-density DNA and RNA arrays on flexible and transparent plastic substrates is reported. The substrates are thin sheets of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) coated with cross-linked polymer multilayers that present hydroxyl groups suitable for conventional phosphoramidite-based nucleic acid synthesis. We demonstrate that by modifying array synthesis proc...

Separation of plastic from various types of waste streams represents one of major problematic process in energy recovery through different thermochemical processes. The sorting of plastics is a very essential step in different waste management technique. Manual sorting is suitable when plastic component are present in large amount but it is a labor intensive process. In automated sorting techni...

The solar disinfection of water (SODIS) is a simple technique used to destroy pathogenic microorganisms and so it can improve microbiological quality of drinking water. Many countries are in good positions with respect to receiving solar radiation and Iran ranks first in this regard. Thus, it is important for health authorities to prefer this simple method for use in rural areas of the Country ...

With the development of plastic surgery techniques, computer aided approach has become a significant method in medical plastic surgery. In order to solve effects on surgical results made by the surface of a wound in craniofacial cosmetic surgery, accurate preoperative preparation is usually required for the surgery. This paper summarizes the application of computer aided technology in craniofac...

A new representation of audio noise signals is proposed, based on symmetric -stable (S S) distributions in order to better model the outliers that exist in real signals. This representation addresses a shortcoming of the Gaussian model, namely, the fact that it is not well suited for describing signals with impulsive behavior. The -stable and Gaussian methods are used to model measured noise si...

A self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) based on p-NiO and n-ZnO was fabricated using low-temperature sputtering technique on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) coated plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The p-n heterojunction showed very fast temporal photoresponse with excellent quantum efficiency of over 63% under UV illumination at an applied reverse bias of 1.2 V. The...

Some years ago I visited M. F. Perutz, the Cambridge biochemist who deciphered the structure of the hemoglobin molecule. Professor Perutz showed me a series of artifacts from his 20-year struggle to unravel the twists and folds of the oxygen-carrying protein. There was an x-ray diffraction film whose symmetrical array of dots looked like a lace doily, a contour map of electron density drawn on ...

The fabrication of flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) which utilize transparent and conducting single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films as current collecting electrodes on plastic substrates in zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices is reported. The bulk heterojunctions for exciton dissociation are created by directly growin...

A presently 72-year-old craftsman and goldsmith, originally suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis of unknown origin, had been transplanted with a renal allograft in February 1998. The clinical course after transplantation was very favourable, with an excellent and stable graft function, without any documented rejection episodes. Except for some minor urogenital infections, and symptomatic p...