The translation of numerous eukaryotic mRNAs is mediated by internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs). IRES-dependent translation requires both canonical translation initiation factors and IRES-specific trans-acting factors (ITAFs). Here we report a strategy to identify and characterize ITAFs required for IRES-dependent translation. This process involves steps for identifying oligodeoxynucleotides...

This paper studies a strategy for identifying and using multi-word expressions in Statistical Machine Translation. The performance of the proposed strategy for various types of multi-word expressions (like nouns or verbs) is evaluated in terms of alignment quality as well as translation accuracy. Evaluations are performed by using real-life data, namely the European Parliament corpus. Results f...

A new strategy for studying the mechanism of translation initiation in eukaryotes has been developed. The strategy involves the use of an in vitro translation system to incorporate a non-natural fluorescent amino acid into a protein from a suppressor tRNAPheCUA misacylated with that amino acid. It is thereby possible to monitor translation initiation efficiency at an AUG codon in different cont...

Here, we describe a strategy for synthesis of peptides with multiple unnatural amino acids (UAAs) using in vitro translation. Our method involves removing a natural amino acid and replacing it with an UAA variant in a reconstituted translation system. Whereas other systems require engineered components or chemical synthesis to charge UAAs onto tRNAs prior to translation, our strategy utilizes t...

This report shows a strategy for program translation from Fortran to Fortress, and points out some issues about the translation, through an example translation of a practical Fortran program into a Fortress program, which implements the BiCGSTAB method.