BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has repeatedly been reported that the thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may aggravate ischemic injury after stroke. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unknown. We hypothesized that tPA induces an inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) after focal ischemia that is responsible for ischemic damage and may be restored by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutar...

The selectin family of glycoproteins facilitates the early phase of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial cell and, thus, may promote ischemic cell damage. To evaluate E-selectin in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, we cloned rat E-selectin cDNA and measured the temporal profiles E-selectin mRNA (Northern blot) and protein (immunohistochemistr...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arteriopathy is the leading cause of childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Mechanisms are poorly understood but may include inherent abnormalities of arterial structure. Extracranial dissection is associated with connective tissue disorders in adult stroke. Focal cerebral arteriopathy is a common syndrome where pathophysiology is unknown but may include intracranial dissect...

Twenty-two patients with the clinical diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks were prospectively evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nineteen patients also underwent cerebral angiography. The MRI studies were performed with a prototype super-conductive magnet using a 0.6 Tesla or a 1.5 Tesla magnetic field. Two pulse sequence techniques were used r...

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of the hairy root extract of Angelica gigas NAKAI (Angelica Gigantis Radix) on transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats through the regulation of angiogenesis molecules. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced focal cerebral ischemia by a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) for 90 min, and then orally a...

Amaurosis fugax (transient monocular blindness) is a symptom of retinal ischemia just as contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss are symptoms of cerebral ischemia. These symptoms are produced by atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid vessels at the ipsilateral carotid bifurcation and emboli from these areas causing focal, repetitive, retinal ischemia. A study of 31 endarterectomy patients w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is an attractive procedure that has been used frequently in cerebral ischemia. However, depending on the model of cerebral ischemia and HBO protocol, different and conflicting results were obtained in the past. This study was undertaken to reevaluate the effects of single administration of HBO in 2 models of acute cerebral ischemia: transient ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in ischemic stroke is limited by increased risks of cerebral hemorrhage and brain injury. In part, these phenomena may be related to neurovascular proteolysis mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, we used a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches to show that tPA promotes MMP-9 levels...

Within the ischemic penumbra, blood flow is sufficiently reduced that it results in hypoxia severe enough to arrest physiological function. Nevertheless, it has been shown that cells present within this region can be rescued and resuscitated by restoring perfusion and through other protective therapies. Thus, the early detection of the ischemic penumbra can be exploited to improve outcomes afte...

The effects of mild hypothermia on the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) and expression of c-fos and hsp70 mRNA were examined during acute focal cerebral ischemia. Young adult rats were subjected to 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion under either normothermia (37.5 degrees C) or hypothermia (33 degrees C). Diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging was used to mo...