This study will focus on how the different characteristics of the applied pulse, including voltage, pulse length, frequency and multiple pulsing affect transformation efficiency of Top10 E-coli cells. It will be shown that transformation efficiency will be maximal at optimum settings different from that suggested by electroporator manufacturer. Experimental results will also verify pore formati...

Almost ten years have elapsed since the initiation of experiments on rice transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Chen et al. successfully transformed rice using this method, but transformation efficiency was low. After Hiei et al. reported high efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated production of fertile and heritable transgenic rice plants, this technology was adopted by many laboratori...

AIMS The calcium chloride chemical transformation of Escherichia coli is still the most widly used cloning method in small laboratories. Therefore, any practicable improvement in its transformation efficiency seems to be of general interest. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that giving calcium chloride competent cells a 1 min microwave pulse at the lowest power setting (180 W), instead of the cla...

Variation in frequencies of transformation mediated by native and single-stranded DNA and its dependence on pH of the medium were investigated. The results indicate that the biological activity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of both configurations assayed in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) increases as the pH of the transformation mixture is lowered from 7.7 to a maximum ...

in this article, we develop the sinc-galerkin method based on double exponential transformation for solving a class of weakly singular nonlinear two-point boundary value problems with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. also several examples are solved to show the accuracy efficiency of the presented method. we compare the obtained numerical results with results of the other existing methods in...

the efficiency and robustness of reliability methods are two important factors in first order reliability method (form). the conjugate choice control (ccc) and directional chaos control method (dcc) were developed to improve the robustness and efficiency of form formula using the stability transformation method. in this paper, the ccc and dcc methods are applied for reliability analysis of a co...