high levels of mental health during studying in university, makes students able to deal effectively with numerous stressors they experience. our aim of this study was to examine and compare social anxiety among first to fourth year student nurses of ministry of health affiliated universities of medical sciences located in tehran, iran in 2010. in this descriptive analytic study, 400 students fr...

anxiety is one of the most common symptoms of mental disorders, significantly affecting work function and interpersonal relationships. its characteristics include a set of cognitive, physical, emotional and behavioral-symptoms. some of these symptoms are: feeling empty heart, shortness of breath, palpitations, flushing, excessive sweating, numbness, dizziness and shaking hands. given the high p...

A promising approach in treating cocaine abuse is to metabolize cocaine in the blood using a mutated butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) that functions as a cocaine hydrolase (CocH). In rats, a helper-dependent adenoviral (hdAD) vector-mediated delivery of CocH abolished ongoing cocaine use and cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug-seeking for several months. This enzyme also metabolizes ghrelin, an ef...

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRFR1) plays a major role in the regulation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress and is considered a key mediator of anxiety behavior. The globus pallidus external (GPe), a main relay center within the basal ganglia that is primarily associated with motor and associative functions, is one of the brain nuclei with the highest levels...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anxiety-related attentional bias for threat is considered an important risk factor for the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. In line with this idea, recent studies have illustrated that experimentally induced changes in attentional bias have an impact on both non-clinical and clinical levels of anxiety. Still, little is known about the potential transfe...

BACKGROUND Vetiveria zizanioides (VZ) (family: Poaceae), an aromatic plant commonly known as "Vetiver" has been used for various ailments. Concerning the various ailments being listed as the traditional uses of VZ, no mention about anxiety and memory was found. OBJECTIVE The present study examined the anxiolytic and memory enhancing activity of ethanolic extract of V. zizanioides (EEVZ) dried...

Fish are increasingly popular subjects in behavioural and neurobiological research. It is therefore important that they are housed and handled appropriately to ensure good welfare and reliable scientific findings, and that species-appropriate behavioural tests (e.g. of cognitive/affective states) are developed. Routine handling of captive animals may cause physiological stress responses that le...